{
"organism": "Clostridium acetireducens",
"built_at": "2026-08-12T21:29:15+05:30",
"review_status": "unreviewed",
"generator": "CultureScope 1.0.0",
"disclaimer": "Aggregated from published literature. Unreviewed. Not a substitute for a validated SOP or an accredited reference laboratory.",
"taxonomy": {
"taxon": "Clostridium acetireducens",
"lineage": "cellular organisms; Bacteria; Bacillati; Bacillota; Clostridia; Eubacteriales; Clostridiaceae; Clostridium",
"rank": "species",
"taxid": "76489",
"taxonomy_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=76489",
"gram_prior": {
"value": "Gram-positive",
"basis": "Inferred from NCBI Taxonomy lineage"
},
"accepted": "Clostridium acetireducens",
"gbif_status": "ACCEPTED",
"gbif_name": "Clostridium acetireducens Örlygsson et al., 1996"
},
"fields": {
"media": {
"label": "Media used",
"multi": true,
"items": [
{
"key": "thioglycollate_broth",
"value": "Thioglycollate broth",
"score": 0.65,
"sources": [
"crossref"
],
"n_sources": 1,
"confidence": "low",
"evidence": [
{
"sentence": "Generation time for strain 8797 was 1.5 times greater than previously reported for growth in purged fluid thioglycolate medium.",
"source": "crossref",
"title": "Chemically Defined Medium for the Growth of Clostridium perfringens",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1128/am.22.4.738-739.1971",
"year": "1971",
"id": "doi:10.1128/am.22.4.738-739.1971"
}
],
"inferred": false
}
],
"confidence": "low",
"conflict": null,
"review": "unreviewed"
},
"temperature": {
"label": "Optimum temperature for growth",
"multi": false,
"items": [
{
"key": "r5_50",
"value": "5–50 °C",
"score": 8.68,
"sources": [
"pmc",
"europepmc",
"openalex"
],
"n_sources": 3,
"confidence": "moderate",
"evidence": [
{
"sentence": "Temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration ranges (5-50 degC, pH 4.5-9.5, 0-100 g NaCl L -1 , correspondingly) for strain growth were defined using the basal nutrient medium supplemented with 22 mM lactate or d -glucose.",
"source": "pmc",
"title": "Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10386464/",
"year": "2023",
"id": "PMC10386464"
},
{
"sentence": "The strain is also psychrotolerant, growing from 8 degC to 32 degC with optimum growth at temperatures between 18 and 20 degC.",
"source": "pmc",
"title": "Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10386464/",
"year": "2023",
"id": "PMC10386464"
},
{
"sentence": "Fusibacter bizertensis WBS grew at temperatures between 8 and 32 degC (optimum growth at 18-20 degC), pH between 5.2 and 8.3 (optimum growth at pH 7.2), and at NaCl concentrations between 0 and 70 g L -1 (optimum growth at 32 g L -1 ).",
"source": "europepmc",
"title": "Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis.",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071642",
"year": "2023",
"id": "MED:37512815 doi:10.3390/microorganisms11071642"
},
{
"sentence": "Fusibacter bizertensis WBS grew at temperatures between 8 and 32 degC (optimum growth at 18-20 degC), pH between 5.2 and 8.3 (optimum growth at pH 7.2), and at NaCl concentrations between 0 and 70 g L-1 (optimum growth at 32 g L-1).",
"source": "openalex",
"title": "Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea—Biochemical and Genome Analysis",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071642",
"year": "2023",
"id": "https://openalex.org/W4382137551"
},
{
"sentence": "The strain is also psychrotolerant, growing from 8 degC to 32 degC with optimum growth at temperatures between 18 and 20 degC.",
"source": "pmc",
"title": "Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10386464/",
"year": "2023",
"id": "PMC10386464"
},
{
"sentence": "Fusibacter bizertensis WBS grew at temperatures between 8 and 32 degC (optimum growth at 18-20 degC), pH between 5.2 and 8.3 (optimum growth at pH 7.2), and at NaCl concentrations between 0 and 70 g L -1 (optimum growth at 32 g L -1 ).",
"source": "europepmc",
"title": "Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis.",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071642",
"year": "2023",
"id": "MED:37512815 doi:10.3390/microorganisms11071642"
}
],
"inferred": false
},
{
"key": "r18_20",
"value": "18–20 °C",
"score": 6.46,
"sources": [
"europepmc",
"openalex",
"pmc"
],
"n_sources": 3,
"confidence": "moderate",
"evidence": [
{
"sentence": "Fusibacter bizertensis WBS grew at temperatures between 8 and 32 degC (optimum growth at 18-20 degC), pH between 5.2 and 8.3 (optimum growth at pH 7.2), and at NaCl concentrations between 0 and 70 g L -1 (optimum growth at 32 g L -1 ).",
"source": "europepmc",
"title": "Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis.",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071642",
"year": "2023",
"id": "MED:37512815 doi:10.3390/microorganisms11071642"
},
{
"sentence": "Fusibacter bizertensis WBS grew at temperatures between 8 and 32 degC (optimum growth at 18-20 degC), pH between 5.2 and 8.3 (optimum growth at pH 7.2), and at NaCl concentrations between 0 and 70 g L-1 (optimum growth at 32 g L-1).",
"source": "openalex",
"title": "Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea—Biochemical and Genome Analysis",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071642",
"year": "2023",
"id": "https://openalex.org/W4382137551"
},
{
"sentence": "The strain is also psychrotolerant, growing from 8 degC to 32 degC with optimum growth at temperatures between 18 and 20 degC.",
"source": "pmc",
"title": "Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10386464/",
"year": "2023",
"id": "PMC10386464"
},
{
"sentence": "Fusibacter bizertensis WBS grew at temperatures between 8 and 32 degC (optimum growth at 18-20 degC), pH between 5.2 and 8.3 (optimum growth at pH 7.2), and at NaCl concentrations between 0 and 70 g L -1 (optimum growth at 32 g L -1 ).",
"source": "europepmc",
"title": "Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis.",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071642",
"year": "2023",
"id": "MED:37512815 doi:10.3390/microorganisms11071642"
},
{
"sentence": "Fusibacter bizertensis WBS grew at temperatures between 8 and 32 degC (optimum growth at 18-20 degC), pH between 5.2 and 8.3 (optimum growth at pH 7.2), and at NaCl concentrations between 0 and 70 g L-1 (optimum growth at 32 g L-1).",
"source": "openalex",
"title": "Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea—Biochemical and Genome Analysis",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071642",
"year": "2023",
"id": "https://openalex.org/W4382137551"
}
],
"inferred": false
}
],
"confidence": "moderate",
"conflict": "Sources disagree: \"5–50 °C\" (score 8.68) versus \"18–20 °C\" (score 6.46). Both are shown; a reviewer should decide.",
"review": "unreviewed"
},
"time": {
"label": "Time required to grow",
"multi": false,
"items": [
{
"key": "hrs_120_168",
"value": "5-7 d",
"score": 3.33,
"sources": [
"pmc"
],
"n_sources": 1,
"confidence": "low",
"evidence": [
{
"sentence": "Several black colonies that appeared were picked separately in sterile conditions; they were about 2 mm in diameter after 5-7 days of incubation.",
"source": "pmc",
"title": "Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10386464/",
"year": "2023",
"id": "PMC10386464"
},
{
"sentence": "The colonies seen in the roll tubes were round, about 2 mm in diameter, and of black color after 5-7 days of incubation at 20 degC.",
"source": "pmc",
"title": "Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10386464/",
"year": "2023",
"id": "PMC10386464"
},
{
"sentence": "Results Strain identification and phylogenetic analyses Isolation of strains Marseille-P2953 and LF2 occurred, respectively, after 7 days' and 30 days' preincubation in anaerobic blood culture bottles supplemented with rumen and sheep's blood, respectively.",
"source": "pmc",
"title": "Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: ‘Clostridium amazonitimonense’ , ‘Clostridium merdae’ , ‘Clostridium massilidielmoense’ and ‘Clostridium nigeriense’",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5767839/",
"year": "2018",
"id": "PMC5767839"
}
],
"inferred": false
},
{
"key": "hrs_120_480",
"value": "5-20 d",
"score": 2.48,
"sources": [
"pmc"
],
"n_sources": 1,
"confidence": "low",
"evidence": [
{
"sentence": "This procedure was repeated to obtain serial dilutions (from 10 -1 to 10 -10 ) and the inoculated Hungate tubes were then incubated at 20 degC for 5-20 days.",
"source": "pmc",
"title": "Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10386464/",
"year": "2023",
"id": "PMC10386464"
},
{
"sentence": "Results Strain identification and phylogenetic analyses Isolation of strains Marseille-P2953 and LF2 occurred, respectively, after 7 days' and 30 days' preincubation in anaerobic blood culture bottles supplemented with rumen and sheep's blood, respectively.",
"source": "pmc",
"title": "Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: ‘Clostridium amazonitimonense’ , ‘Clostridium merdae’ , ‘Clostridium massilidielmoense’ and ‘Clostridium nigeriense’",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5767839/",
"year": "2018",
"id": "PMC5767839"
},
{
"sentence": "Strain Marseille-P2414 was first isolated after 15 days' preincubation in an aerobic blood culture bottle supplemented with rumen and sheep's blood.",
"source": "pmc",
"title": "Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: ‘Clostridium amazonitimonense’ , ‘Clostridium merdae’ , ‘Clostridium massilidielmoense’ and ‘Clostridium nigeriense’",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5767839/",
"year": "2018",
"id": "PMC5767839"
}
],
"inferred": false
},
{
"key": "hrs_720_720",
"value": "30 d",
"score": 1.35,
"sources": [
"pmc"
],
"n_sources": 1,
"confidence": "low",
"evidence": [
{
"sentence": "Results Strain identification and phylogenetic analyses Isolation of strains Marseille-P2953 and LF2 occurred, respectively, after 7 days' and 30 days' preincubation in anaerobic blood culture bottles supplemented with rumen and sheep's blood, respectively.",
"source": "pmc",
"title": "Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: ‘Clostridium amazonitimonense’ , ‘Clostridium merdae’ , ‘Clostridium massilidielmoense’ and ‘Clostridium nigeriense’",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5767839/",
"year": "2018",
"id": "PMC5767839"
},
{
"sentence": "Finally, strain MT26 was first isolated after 30 days' preincubation in an anaerobic blood culture bottle supplemented with sheep's blood.",
"source": "pmc",
"title": "Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: ‘Clostridium amazonitimonense’ , ‘Clostridium merdae’ , ‘Clostridium massilidielmoense’ and ‘Clostridium nigeriense’",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5767839/",
"year": "2018",
"id": "PMC5767839"
}
],
"inferred": false
},
{
"key": "hrs_2160_2160",
"value": "90 d",
"score": 1.22,
"sources": [
"europepmc"
],
"n_sources": 1,
"confidence": "low",
"evidence": [
{
"sentence": "Microcystis scum was anaerobically incubated for 90 days at three temperatures (15 degC, 25 degC and 35 degC).",
"source": "europepmc",
"title": "Novel Clostridium populations involved in the anaerobic degradation of Microcystis blooms.",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2010.176",
"year": "2011",
"id": "MED:21107445 doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.176"
}
],
"inferred": false
},
{
"key": "hrs_1_1",
"value": "1 h",
"score": 0.61,
"sources": [
"openalex"
],
"n_sources": 1,
"confidence": "low",
"evidence": [
{
"sentence": "Optimum growth of the strain was observed under neutrophilic conditions at 50-55 degrees C. The doubling time of strain ZT grown in rich medium was approximately 1 h at optimal pH and temperature.",
"source": "openalex",
"title": "Caloramator coolhaasii sp. nov., a glutamate-degrading, moderately thermophilic anaerobe.",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-50-3-1155",
"year": "2000",
"id": "https://openalex.org/W2122014918"
}
],
"inferred": false
}
],
"confidence": "low",
"conflict": "Sources disagree: \"5-7 d\" (score 3.33) versus \"5-20 d\" (score 2.48). Both are shown; a reviewer should decide.",
"review": "unreviewed"
},
"colony": {
"label": "Colony morphology",
"multi": false,
"items": [],
"confidence": "none",
"conflict": null,
"review": "unreviewed"
},
"gram": {
"label": "Gram character",
"multi": false,
"items": [
{
"key": "gram_positive",
"value": "Gram-positive (rod)",
"score": 7.58,
"sources": [
"pmc",
"openalex",
"wikipedia"
],
"n_sources": 3,
"confidence": "moderate",
"evidence": [
{
"sentence": "Morphological and Physiological Properties of the Strain WBS Cultures of the strain WBS contained slightly motile, Gram-positive staining, long rod-shaped cells.",
"source": "pmc",
"title": "Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10386464/",
"year": "2023",
"id": "PMC10386464"
},
{
"sentence": "Strain ZF2T, isolated from freshwater sediment, is a motile, rod-shaped, gram-positive, endospore-forming, amino acid- and pyruvate-utilizing, anaerobic bacterium.",
"source": "openalex",
"title": "Reclassification of Clostridium hydroxybenzoicum as Sedimentibacter hydroxybenzoicus gen. nov., comb. nov., and description of Sedimentibacter saalensis sp. nov..",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-52-3-801",
"year": "2002",
"id": "https://openalex.org/W2158004893"
},
{
"sentence": "The cell wall had a Gram-positive structure, which was revealed by electron microscopy.",
"source": "openalex",
"title": "Caloramator coolhaasii sp. nov., a glutamate-degrading, moderately thermophilic anaerobe.",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-50-3-1155",
"year": "2000",
"id": "https://openalex.org/W2122014918"
},
{
"sentence": "Clostridium acetireducens is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Clostridium which has been isolated from an anaerobic bioreactor from De Krim in the Netherlands. == References ==",
"source": "wikipedia",
"title": "Clostridium acetireducens",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_acetireducens",
"year": "2026",
"id": "wikipedia:55868277"
},
{
"sentence": "Inferred from NCBI Taxonomy lineage: cellular organisms; Bacteria; Bacillati; Bacillota; Clostridia; Eubacteriales; Clostridiaceae; Clostridium",
"source": "ncbi_taxonomy",
"title": "NCBI Taxonomy lineage",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=76489",
"year": "2026",
"id": "lineage"
}
],
"inferred": false
}
],
"confidence": "moderate",
"conflict": null,
"review": "unreviewed"
},
"biochem": {
"label": "Biochemical tests for identification",
"multi": true,
"items": [
{
"key": "16s_rrna_gene_sequencing",
"value": "16S rRNA gene sequencing",
"score": 3.5,
"sources": [
"pmc",
"europepmc"
],
"n_sources": 2,
"confidence": "low",
"evidence": [
{
"sentence": "Because the routine identification using MALDI-TOF MS failed, the 16S rRNA gene of each strain was sequenced.",
"source": "pmc",
"title": "Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: ‘Clostridium amazonitimonense’ , ‘Clostridium merdae’ , ‘Clostridium massilidielmoense’ and ‘Clostridium nigeriense’",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5767839/",
"year": "2018",
"id": "PMC5767839"
},
{
"sentence": "One of the cultures, most closely related to F. bizertensis according to the V3-V4 region sequence of the 16S rRNA gene, was chosen for further characterization and designated as strain WBS (White Sea Biological Station).",
"source": "pmc",
"title": "Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10386464/",
"year": "2023",
"id": "PMC10386464"
},
{
"sentence": "Culturomics investigates microbial diversity of the human microbiome by combining diversified culture conditions, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene identification.",
"source": "europepmc",
"title": "Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: 'Clostridium amazonitimonense', 'Clostridium merdae', 'Clostridium massilidielmoense' and 'Clostridium nigeriense'.",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2017.11.003",
"year": "2018",
"id": "MED:29348922 doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2017.11.003"
}
],
"inferred": false
},
{
"key": "maldi_tof_ms",
"value": "MALDI-TOF MS",
"score": 2.57,
"sources": [
"pmc",
"europepmc"
],
"n_sources": 2,
"confidence": "low",
"evidence": [
{
"sentence": "Because the routine identification using MALDI-TOF MS failed, the 16S rRNA gene of each strain was sequenced.",
"source": "pmc",
"title": "Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: ‘Clostridium amazonitimonense’ , ‘Clostridium merdae’ , ‘Clostridium massilidielmoense’ and ‘Clostridium nigeriense’",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5767839/",
"year": "2018",
"id": "PMC5767839"
},
{
"sentence": "Culturomics investigates microbial diversity of the human microbiome by combining diversified culture conditions, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene identification.",
"source": "europepmc",
"title": "Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: 'Clostridium amazonitimonense', 'Clostridium merdae', 'Clostridium massilidielmoense' and 'Clostridium nigeriense'.",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2017.11.003",
"year": "2018",
"id": "MED:29348922 doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2017.11.003"
}
],
"inferred": false
},
{
"key": "motility",
"value": "Motility — reported positive",
"score": 2.35,
"sources": [
"pmc",
"openalex",
"wikipedia"
],
"n_sources": 3,
"confidence": "low",
"evidence": [
{
"sentence": "Morphological and Physiological Properties of the Strain WBS Cultures of the strain WBS contained slightly motile, Gram-positive staining, long rod-shaped cells.",
"source": "pmc",
"title": "Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10386464/",
"year": "2023",
"id": "PMC10386464"
},
{
"sentence": "Strain ZF2T, isolated from freshwater sediment, is a motile, rod-shaped, gram-positive, endospore-forming, amino acid- and pyruvate-utilizing, anaerobic bacterium.",
"source": "openalex",
"title": "Reclassification of Clostridium hydroxybenzoicum as Sedimentibacter hydroxybenzoicus gen. nov., comb. nov., and description of Sedimentibacter saalensis sp. nov..",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-52-3-801",
"year": "2002",
"id": "https://openalex.org/W2158004893"
},
{
"sentence": "Clostridium acetireducens is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Clostridium which has been isolated from an anaerobic bioreactor from De Krim in the Netherlands. == References ==",
"source": "wikipedia",
"title": "Clostridium acetireducens",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_acetireducens",
"year": "2026",
"id": "wikipedia:55868277"
}
],
"inferred": false
},
{
"key": "beta_glucuronidase_mug_",
"value": "Beta-glucuronidase (MUG)",
"score": 0.81,
"sources": [
"openalex"
],
"n_sources": 1,
"confidence": "low",
"evidence": [
{
"sentence": "The β‑glucuronidase-encoding gusA gene was successfully established as a reporter system and used to demonstrate the activity of the (inducible) promoters Pfac (IPTG), PbgaL (lactose), PackA‑theo (theophylline), Ptet (anhydrotetracycline) and Ppta-ack.",
"source": "openalex",
"title": "Biological conversion of CO2 into the platform chemicals lactate and 3-hydroxypropionate using recombinant strains of Acetobacterium woodii",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.18725/oparu-28743",
"year": "2019",
"id": "https://openalex.org/W3016092867"
}
],
"inferred": false
},
{
"key": "spore_formation_stain",
"value": "Spore formation / stain — reported positive",
"score": 0.73,
"sources": [
"openalex"
],
"n_sources": 1,
"confidence": "low",
"evidence": [
{
"sentence": "Strain ZF2T, isolated from freshwater sediment, is a motile, rod-shaped, gram-positive, endospore-forming, amino acid- and pyruvate-utilizing, anaerobic bacterium.",
"source": "openalex",
"title": "Reclassification of Clostridium hydroxybenzoicum as Sedimentibacter hydroxybenzoicus gen. nov., comb. nov., and description of Sedimentibacter saalensis sp. nov..",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-52-3-801",
"year": "2002",
"id": "https://openalex.org/W2158004893"
}
],
"inferred": false
}
],
"confidence": "low",
"conflict": null,
"review": "unreviewed"
}
},
"references": [
{
"title": "Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10386464/",
"year": "2023",
"id": "PMC10386464",
"source": "pmc",
"fields": [
"time",
"biochem",
"temperature",
"gram"
],
"n": 10
},
{
"title": "Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: ‘Clostridium amazonitimonense’ , ‘Clostridium merdae’ , ‘Clostridium massilidielmoense’ and ‘Clostridium nigeriense’",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5767839/",
"year": "2018",
"id": "PMC5767839",
"source": "pmc",
"fields": [
"time",
"biochem"
],
"n": 6
},
{
"title": "Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis.",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071642",
"year": "2023",
"id": "MED:37512815 doi:10.3390/microorganisms11071642",
"source": "europepmc",
"fields": [
"temperature"
],
"n": 6
},
{
"title": "Reclassification of Clostridium hydroxybenzoicum as Sedimentibacter hydroxybenzoicus gen. nov., comb. nov., and description of Sedimentibacter saalensis sp. nov..",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-52-3-801",
"year": "2002",
"id": "https://openalex.org/W2158004893",
"source": "openalex",
"fields": [
"gram",
"biochem"
],
"n": 3
},
{
"title": "Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: 'Clostridium amazonitimonense', 'Clostridium merdae', 'Clostridium massilidielmoense' and 'Clostridium nigeriense'.",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2017.11.003",
"year": "2018",
"id": "MED:29348922 doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2017.11.003",
"source": "europepmc",
"fields": [
"biochem"
],
"n": 2
},
{
"title": "Caloramator coolhaasii sp. nov., a glutamate-degrading, moderately thermophilic anaerobe.",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-50-3-1155",
"year": "2000",
"id": "https://openalex.org/W2122014918",
"source": "openalex",
"fields": [
"gram",
"time"
],
"n": 2
},
{
"title": "Novel Clostridium populations involved in the anaerobic degradation of Microcystis blooms.",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2010.176",
"year": "2011",
"id": "MED:21107445 doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.176",
"source": "europepmc",
"fields": [
"time"
],
"n": 1
},
{
"title": "Chemically Defined Medium for the Growth of Clostridium perfringens",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1128/am.22.4.738-739.1971",
"year": "1971",
"id": "doi:10.1128/am.22.4.738-739.1971",
"source": "crossref",
"fields": [
"media"
],
"n": 1
},
{
"title": "Biological conversion of CO2 into the platform chemicals lactate and 3-hydroxypropionate using recombinant strains of Acetobacterium woodii",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.18725/oparu-28743",
"year": "2019",
"id": "https://openalex.org/W3016092867",
"source": "openalex",
"fields": [
"biochem"
],
"n": 1
},
{
"title": "Clostridium acetireducens",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_acetireducens",
"year": "2026",
"id": "wikipedia:55868277",
"source": "wikipedia",
"fields": [
"gram",
"biochem"
],
"n": 2
}
],
"scan_log": [
{
"key": "ncbi_taxonomy",
"label": "NCBI Taxonomy — lineage and accepted name",
"status": "empty",
"note": "TaxID 76489 (species).",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 1417
},
{
"key": "lpsn",
"label": "LPSN — nomenclatural status",
"status": "skipped",
"note": "Skipped — LPSN credentials not configured (free registration).",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 0
},
{
"key": "straininfo",
"label": "StrainInfo — strain cross-references",
"status": "empty",
"note": "No response (endpoint may require a different path).",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 635
},
{
"key": "gbif",
"label": "GBIF — name resolution",
"status": "empty",
"note": "Matched as Clostridium acetireducens Örlygsson et al., 1996 (ACCEPTED).",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 667
},
{
"key": "wikidata",
"label": "Wikidata — identifier bridge",
"status": "empty",
"note": "Item Q3680996 matched.",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 869
},
{
"key": "mediadive",
"label": "DSMZ MediaDive — curated growth media",
"status": "empty",
"note": "No media entries matched this name in MediaDive.",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 629
},
{
"key": "bacdive",
"label": "BacDive — curated strain phenotypes",
"status": "skipped",
"note": "Skipped — BacDive credentials not configured. This is the single highest-value source; registration is free.",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 0
},
{
"key": "pubmed",
"label": "PubMed — culture and cultivation query",
"status": "hit",
"note": "1 abstracts retrieved (culture query).",
"records": 1,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 1520
},
{
"key": "pubmed_pheno",
"label": "PubMed — morphology and identification query",
"status": "empty",
"note": "No PubMed hits for the pheno query.",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 742
},
{
"key": "pmc",
"label": "PubMed Central — open-access Methods sections",
"status": "hit",
"note": "5 open-access full texts mined.",
"records": 5,
"evidence": 16,
"ms": 7167
},
{
"key": "europepmc",
"label": "Europe PMC — abstract search",
"status": "hit",
"note": "6 records from Europe PMC.",
"records": 6,
"evidence": 6,
"ms": 1520
},
{
"key": "europepmc_ft",
"label": "Europe PMC — full-text mining",
"status": "empty",
"note": "0 full texts mined for Methods detail.",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 4038
},
{
"key": "crossref",
"label": "Crossref — DOI metadata",
"status": "hit",
"note": "25 DOI records (abstracts only where deposited).",
"records": 25,
"evidence": 1,
"ms": 1481
},
{
"key": "openalex",
"label": "OpenAlex — open scholarly graph",
"status": "hit",
"note": "17 works (inverted abstracts reconstructed locally).",
"records": 17,
"evidence": 9,
"ms": 2395
},
{
"key": "semanticscholar",
"label": "Semantic Scholar — abstracts",
"status": "empty",
"note": "Rate-limited or unavailable (keyless access is throttled).",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 1058
},
{
"key": "doaj",
"label": "DOAJ — open-access journals",
"status": "hit",
"note": "1 open-access articles.",
"records": 1,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 519
},
{
"key": "openaire",
"label": "OpenAIRE — repository publications",
"status": "empty",
"note": "0 repository publications.",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 792
},
{
"key": "scielo",
"label": "SciELO — regional journals",
"status": "empty",
"note": "No parseable SciELO response (their JSON output is unstable; a deep link is still provided).",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 499
},
{
"key": "ncbi_books",
"label": "NCBI Bookshelf — reference texts",
"status": "hit",
"note": "8 reference-text chapters listed.",
"records": 8,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 1299
},
{
"key": "core",
"label": "CORE — aggregated repositories",
"status": "skipped",
"note": "Skipped — no API key configured.",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 0
},
{
"key": "springer",
"label": "Springer Nature — publisher metadata",
"status": "skipped",
"note": "Skipped — no API key configured.",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 0
},
{
"key": "elsevier",
"label": "ScienceDirect — publisher metadata",
"status": "skipped",
"note": "Skipped — no API key configured.",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 0
},
{
"key": "preprints",
"label": "bioRxiv / medRxiv — preprints",
"status": "hit",
"note": "1 preprints (not peer reviewed — weighted down).",
"records": 1,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 707
},
{
"key": "zenodo",
"label": "Zenodo — datasets and protocols",
"status": "empty",
"note": "0 deposits (datasets, theses, protocols).",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 665
},
{
"key": "wikipedia",
"label": "Wikipedia — orientation only",
"status": "hit",
"note": "Article retrieved (lowest weight).",
"records": 1,
"evidence": 2,
"ms": 1177
},
{
"key": "atcc",
"label": "ATCC — deep link",
"status": "empty",
"note": "Deep link prepared — open manually.",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 0
},
{
"key": "nctc",
"label": "NCTC / UKHSA — deep link",
"status": "empty",
"note": "Deep link prepared — open manually.",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 0
},
{
"key": "google_scholar",
"label": "Google Scholar — deep link (not crawled)",
"status": "empty",
"note": "Deep link prepared — open manually.",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 0
},
{
"key": "protocols",
"label": "protocols.io — deep link",
"status": "empty",
"note": "Deep link prepared — open manually.",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 0
},
{
"key": "researchgate",
"label": "ResearchGate — deep link",
"status": "empty",
"note": "Deep link prepared — open manually.",
"records": 0,
"evidence": 0,
"ms": 0
}
]
}