{
    "organism": "Clostridium fimetarium",
    "built_at": "2026-08-25T14:18:52+05:30",
    "review_status": "unreviewed",
    "generator": "CultureScope 1.0.0",
    "disclaimer": "Aggregated from published literature. Unreviewed. Not a substitute for a validated SOP or an accredited reference laboratory.",
    "taxonomy": {
        "taxon": "Clostridium fimetarium",
        "lineage": "cellular organisms; Bacteria; Bacillati; Bacillota; Clostridia; Lachnospirales; Lachnospiraceae; Lachnoclostridium",
        "rank": "species",
        "taxid": "99656",
        "taxonomy_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=99656",
        "gram_prior": {
            "value": "Gram-positive",
            "basis": "Inferred from NCBI Taxonomy lineage"
        },
        "accepted": "[Clostridium] fimetarium",
        "gbif_status": "ACCEPTED",
        "gbif_name": "Clostridium fimetarium Kotsyurbenko et al., 1997"
    },
    "fields": {
        "media": {
            "label": "Media used",
            "multi": true,
            "items": [
                {
                    "key": "thioglycollate_broth",
                    "value": "Thioglycollate broth",
                    "score": 1.94,
                    "sources": [
                        "crossref"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "Generation time for strain 8797 was 1.5 times greater than previously reported for growth in purged fluid thioglycolate medium.",
                            "source": "crossref",
                            "title": "Chemically Defined Medium for the Growth of Clostridium perfringens",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1128/am.22.4.738-739.1971",
                            "year": "1971",
                            "id": "doi:10.1128/am.22.4.738-739.1971"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "This medium consisted of a modification of the basal medium of Boyd et al. plus 0.1% sodium thioglycolate and 0.5% monosodium glutamate.",
                            "source": "crossref",
                            "title": "Chemically Defined Medium for Growth and Sporulation of Clostridium perfringens",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1128/am.24.5.755-759.1972",
                            "year": "1972",
                            "id": "doi:10.1128/am.24.5.755-759.1972"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "The effects of glucose, monosodium glutamate, ammonium glutamate, and sodium thioglycolate on growth and sporulation of C. perfringens ATCC 12916 in the defined medium was investigated.",
                            "source": "crossref",
                            "title": "Chemically Defined Medium for Growth and Sporulation of Clostridium perfringens",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1128/am.24.5.755-759.1972",
                            "year": "1972",
                            "id": "doi:10.1128/am.24.5.755-759.1972"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "blood_agar",
                    "value": "Blood agar",
                    "score": 0.81,
                    "sources": [
                        "pmc"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "For this reason and due to the growing number of disorders associated with microbiota unbalance (dysbiosis or dysbacteriosis), the interest of several research groups has converged to the GI microbiota and its associations with human health.",
                            "source": "pmc",
                            "title": "Roles of Commensal Microbiota in Pancreas Homeostasis and Pancreatic Pathologies",
                            "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4544440/",
                            "year": "2015",
                            "id": "PMC4544440"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                }
            ],
            "confidence": "low",
            "conflict": null,
            "review": "unreviewed"
        },
        "temperature": {
            "label": "Optimum temperature for growth",
            "multi": false,
            "items": [
                {
                    "key": "r35_37",
                    "value": "35–37 °C",
                    "score": 6.97,
                    "sources": [
                        "pubmed",
                        "pubmed_pheno",
                        "europepmc"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 3,
                    "confidence": "moderate",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "The optimum temperature for growth was 35-37 degC and the optimum pH was 6.7.",
                            "source": "pubmed",
                            "title": "Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste.",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27506535/",
                            "year": "2016",
                            "id": "PMID:27506535"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "The optimum temperature for growth was 35-37 degC and the optimum pH was 6.7.",
                            "source": "pubmed_pheno",
                            "title": "Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste.",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27506535/",
                            "year": "2016",
                            "id": "PMID:27506535"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "The optimum temperature for growth was 35-37 degC and the optimum pH was 6.7.",
                            "source": "europepmc",
                            "title": "Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste.",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.001403",
                            "year": "2016",
                            "id": "MED:27506535 doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001403"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "The optimum temperature for growth was 35-37 degC and the optimum pH was 6.7.",
                            "source": "pubmed",
                            "title": "Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste.",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27506535/",
                            "year": "2016",
                            "id": "PMID:27506535"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "The optimum temperature for growth was 35-37 degC and the optimum pH was 6.7.",
                            "source": "pubmed_pheno",
                            "title": "Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste.",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27506535/",
                            "year": "2016",
                            "id": "PMID:27506535"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "The optimum temperature for growth was 35-37 degC and the optimum pH was 6.7.",
                            "source": "europepmc",
                            "title": "Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste.",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.001403",
                            "year": "2016",
                            "id": "MED:27506535 doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001403"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "p40",
                    "value": "40 °C",
                    "score": 1.4,
                    "sources": [
                        "pmc"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "To determine the optimal reaction temperature for PelA , a series of temperatures (40 degC, 45 degC, 50 degC, 55 degC, 60 degC, 65 degC, 70 degC, and 80 degC) were set, about 100 μg of protein per reaction was aliquoted, and the activity of PelA at these temperatures was measured.",
                            "source": "pmc",
                            "title": "Molecular Characterization of a Novel Alkaline Endo-Pectate Lyase from Paenibacillus borealis and Over-Production in Bioreactor Realized by Constructing the Tandem Expression Cassettes in Host Genome",
                            "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430865/",
                            "year": "2025",
                            "id": "PMC12430865"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "p45",
                    "value": "45 °C",
                    "score": 1.4,
                    "sources": [
                        "pmc"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "To determine the optimal reaction temperature for PelA , a series of temperatures (40 degC, 45 degC, 50 degC, 55 degC, 60 degC, 65 degC, 70 degC, and 80 degC) were set, about 100 μg of protein per reaction was aliquoted, and the activity of PelA at these temperatures was measured.",
                            "source": "pmc",
                            "title": "Molecular Characterization of a Novel Alkaline Endo-Pectate Lyase from Paenibacillus borealis and Over-Production in Bioreactor Realized by Constructing the Tandem Expression Cassettes in Host Genome",
                            "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430865/",
                            "year": "2025",
                            "id": "PMC12430865"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "p50",
                    "value": "50 °C",
                    "score": 1.4,
                    "sources": [
                        "pmc"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "To determine the optimal reaction temperature for PelA , a series of temperatures (40 degC, 45 degC, 50 degC, 55 degC, 60 degC, 65 degC, 70 degC, and 80 degC) were set, about 100 μg of protein per reaction was aliquoted, and the activity of PelA at these temperatures was measured.",
                            "source": "pmc",
                            "title": "Molecular Characterization of a Novel Alkaline Endo-Pectate Lyase from Paenibacillus borealis and Over-Production in Bioreactor Realized by Constructing the Tandem Expression Cassettes in Host Genome",
                            "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430865/",
                            "year": "2025",
                            "id": "PMC12430865"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "p55",
                    "value": "55 °C",
                    "score": 1.4,
                    "sources": [
                        "pmc"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "To determine the optimal reaction temperature for PelA , a series of temperatures (40 degC, 45 degC, 50 degC, 55 degC, 60 degC, 65 degC, 70 degC, and 80 degC) were set, about 100 μg of protein per reaction was aliquoted, and the activity of PelA at these temperatures was measured.",
                            "source": "pmc",
                            "title": "Molecular Characterization of a Novel Alkaline Endo-Pectate Lyase from Paenibacillus borealis and Over-Production in Bioreactor Realized by Constructing the Tandem Expression Cassettes in Host Genome",
                            "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430865/",
                            "year": "2025",
                            "id": "PMC12430865"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                }
            ],
            "confidence": "moderate",
            "conflict": null,
            "review": "unreviewed"
        },
        "time": {
            "label": "Time required to grow",
            "multi": false,
            "items": [
                {
                    "key": "hrs_2_2",
                    "value": "2 h",
                    "score": 1.5,
                    "sources": [
                        "openalex"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "Isolation and characterization of anaerobic microbes from marine environments in Korea. 유기산을 생산하는 발효미생물을 획득하기 위해 갯벌, 심해, 염전 등의 퇴적토와 해초시료 등의 시료에 대해 methanogen 배지, acetogen 배지, Clostridium용 배지 등을 이용하여 농후 배양을 실시하였다. 총 8개 시료로부터 65주의 혐기성 미생물을 분리하였으며 이 중 신규성이 높거나 활용성이 높다고 알려진 11종에 대해 계통분석, 성장 양식(growth pattern), 유기산 생산 평가 등을 시도하였다. 분석이 수행된 균주 중 Bacteroidia 강에 속하는 1주 외에는 모두 Clostridia 강에 속하였으며 성장속도는 $1.2h^{-1}$ 이상이었다. 분석이 수행된 7종 중 6종은 아세트산을 생성하였으며, 부가적으로 2균주는 부틸산을, 4균주는 개미산을 생산하였다. ",
                            "source": "openalex",
                            "title": "Isolation and characterization of anaerobic microbes from marine environments in Korea",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.7845/kjm.2016.6010",
                            "year": "2016",
                            "id": "https://openalex.org/W2501951381"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "hrs_12_12",
                    "value": "12 h",
                    "score": 1.4,
                    "sources": [
                        "pmc"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "Correspondingly, to assess the pH stability of the enzyme, PelA was incubated in the aforementioned buffers for 4, 8, and 12 h, after which the remaining activity was measured.",
                            "source": "pmc",
                            "title": "Molecular Characterization of a Novel Alkaline Endo-Pectate Lyase from Paenibacillus borealis and Over-Production in Bioreactor Realized by Constructing the Tandem Expression Cassettes in Host Genome",
                            "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430865/",
                            "year": "2025",
                            "id": "PMC12430865"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "hrs_96_96",
                    "value": "96 h",
                    "score": 0.78,
                    "sources": [
                        "pmc"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "The PelA recombinant colonies were cultured and induced for expression for approximately 96 h in Pichia pastoris , as described by Mattanovich et al. [ 30 ].",
                            "source": "pmc",
                            "title": "Molecular Characterization of a Novel Alkaline Endo-Pectate Lyase from Paenibacillus borealis and Over-Production in Bioreactor Realized by Constructing the Tandem Expression Cassettes in Host Genome",
                            "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430865/",
                            "year": "2025",
                            "id": "PMC12430865"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "hrs_5760_5760",
                    "value": "8 mo",
                    "score": 0.78,
                    "sources": [
                        "pmc"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "Between FcGRIIb-/- and pristane, anti-dsDNA and TNF-α in FcGRIIb-/- were higher than pristane after 6 and 8 months old, respectively, while FcGRIIb-/- UPCI was higher than pristane at 10 months old, with a similar level of other parameters (Fig.",
                            "source": "pmc",
                            "title": "Comparative time-series analyses of gut microbiome profiles in genetically and chemically induced lupus-prone mice and the impacts of fecal transplantation",
                            "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11530527/",
                            "year": "2024",
                            "id": "PMC11530527"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "hrs_7200_7200",
                    "value": "10 mo",
                    "score": 0.78,
                    "sources": [
                        "pmc"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "Between FcGRIIb-/- and pristane, anti-dsDNA and TNF-α in FcGRIIb-/- were higher than pristane after 6 and 8 months old, respectively, while FcGRIIb-/- UPCI was higher than pristane at 10 months old, with a similar level of other parameters (Fig.",
                            "source": "pmc",
                            "title": "Comparative time-series analyses of gut microbiome profiles in genetically and chemically induced lupus-prone mice and the impacts of fecal transplantation",
                            "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11530527/",
                            "year": "2024",
                            "id": "PMC11530527"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                }
            ],
            "confidence": "low",
            "conflict": "Sources disagree: \"2 h\" (score 1.5) versus \"12 h\" (score 1.4). Both are shown; a reviewer should decide.",
            "review": "unreviewed"
        },
        "colony": {
            "label": "Colony morphology",
            "multi": false,
            "items": [
                {
                    "key": "c1f181f2e16",
                    "value": "The PelA recombinant colonies were cultured and induced for expression for approximately 96 h in Pichia pastoris , as described by Mattanovich et al. [ 30 ].",
                    "score": 1.09,
                    "sources": [
                        "pmc"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "The PelA recombinant colonies were cultured and induced for expression for approximately 96 h in Pichia pastoris , as described by Mattanovich et al. [ 30 ].",
                            "source": "pmc",
                            "title": "Molecular Characterization of a Novel Alkaline Endo-Pectate Lyase from Paenibacillus borealis and Over-Production in Bioreactor Realized by Constructing the Tandem Expression Cassettes in Host Genome",
                            "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430865/",
                            "year": "2025",
                            "id": "PMC12430865"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                }
            ],
            "confidence": "low",
            "conflict": null,
            "review": "unreviewed"
        },
        "gram": {
            "label": "Gram character",
            "multi": false,
            "items": [
                {
                    "key": "gram_negative",
                    "value": "Gram-negative (rod, curved rod)",
                    "score": 6.9,
                    "sources": [
                        "pubmed",
                        "pubmed_pheno",
                        "pmc",
                        "europepmc",
                        "openalex"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 5,
                    "confidence": "moderate",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-negative curved rods with a polar flagellum.",
                            "source": "pubmed",
                            "title": "Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste.",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27506535/",
                            "year": "2016",
                            "id": "PMID:27506535"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-negative curved rods with a polar flagellum.",
                            "source": "pubmed_pheno",
                            "title": "Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste.",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27506535/",
                            "year": "2016",
                            "id": "PMID:27506535"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "The deranged function of the gut mucosal barrier and the presence of enteric Gram-negative bacteria in the pancreas suggest the participation of microbiota in the development of pancreatitis.",
                            "source": "pmc",
                            "title": "Roles of Commensal Microbiota in Pancreas Homeostasis and Pancreatic Pathologies",
                            "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4544440/",
                            "year": "2015",
                            "id": "PMC4544440"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-negative curved rods with a polar flagellum.",
                            "source": "europepmc",
                            "title": "Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste.",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.001403",
                            "year": "2016",
                            "id": "MED:27506535 doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001403"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "This study isolated from river sediment two FRB, a Gram-negative strain (Geobaccter sp. LAR-2, GenBank no. KC211015) and a Gram-positive strain (Clostridium sp. LAR-3, GenBank no. KC211016), and individually started up MFC using these two isolates as inocula at anodic compartment.",
                            "source": "openalex",
                            "title": "Startup of Microbial Fuel Cells with Pure Ferric Iron-reducing Bacteria Isolates",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.47469/jees.2016.v01.100005",
                            "year": "2016",
                            "id": "https://openalex.org/W3091826724"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "gram_positive",
                    "value": "Gram-positive (rod)",
                    "score": 6.13,
                    "sources": [
                        "pubmed",
                        "openalex"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 2,
                    "confidence": "moderate",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "A new psychroactive saccharolytic anaerobic organism was isolated from cattle manure digested at 6 degrees C. The organism is a Gram-positive oligosporous motile rod measuring 0.5-0.6 by 2.1-5.0 microns.",
                            "source": "pubmed",
                            "title": "[A new psychroactive bacterium, Clostridium fimentarium, isolated from cattle manure fermented at a low temperature].",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8643039/",
                            "year": "1995",
                            "id": "PMID:8643039"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "This study isolated from river sediment two FRB, a Gram-negative strain (Geobaccter sp. LAR-2, GenBank no. KC211015) and a Gram-positive strain (Clostridium sp. LAR-3, GenBank no. KC211016), and individually started up MFC using these two isolates as inocula at anodic compartment.",
                            "source": "openalex",
                            "title": "Startup of Microbial Fuel Cells with Pure Ferric Iron-reducing Bacteria Isolates",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.47469/jees.2016.v01.100005",
                            "year": "2016",
                            "id": "https://openalex.org/W3091826724"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "Inferred from NCBI Taxonomy lineage: cellular organisms; Bacteria; Bacillati; Bacillota; Clostridia; Lachnospirales; Lachnospiraceae; Lachnoclostridium",
                            "source": "ncbi_taxonomy",
                            "title": "NCBI Taxonomy lineage",
                            "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=99656",
                            "year": "2026",
                            "id": "lineage"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                }
            ],
            "confidence": "moderate",
            "conflict": "Sources disagree: \"Gram-negative (rod, curved rod)\" (score 6.9) versus \"Gram-positive (rod)\" (score 6.13). Both are shown; a reviewer should decide.",
            "review": "unreviewed"
        },
        "biochem": {
            "label": "Biochemical tests for identification",
            "multi": true,
            "items": [
                {
                    "key": "16s_rrna_gene_sequencing",
                    "value": "16S rRNA gene sequencing",
                    "score": 5.68,
                    "sources": [
                        "pmc",
                        "europepmc",
                        "openalex",
                        "doaj"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 4,
                    "confidence": "moderate",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "PCR amplification and sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes (rDNA) with universally conserved primers have identified over 524 unique bacterial sequences affiliated with 12 bacterial divisions.",
                            "source": "pmc",
                            "title": "Partitioning of Bacterial Communities between Seawater and Healthy, Black Band Diseased, and Dead Coral Surfaces",
                            "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC127591/",
                            "year": "2002",
                            "id": "PMC127591"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "PCR amplification and sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes (rDNA) with universally conserved primers have identified over 524 unique bacterial sequences affiliated with 12 bacterial divisions.",
                            "source": "europepmc",
                            "title": "Partitioning of bacterial communities between seawater and healthy, black band diseased, and dead coral surfaces.",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.5.2214-2228.2002",
                            "year": "2002",
                            "id": "MED:11976091 doi:10.1128/aem.68.5.2214-2228.2002"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "It appeared that combining probes generated by PCR amplification of the V1 and V6 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene provided accurate differentiation of closely related organisms.",
                            "source": "openalex",
                            "title": "Microbial community analysis in sludge of anaerobic wastewater treatment systems : integrated culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.18174/121931",
                            "year": "2007",
                            "id": "https://openalex.org/W2153442936"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "From our enrichment performed under anaerobic condition, 65 strains were isolated and identified by the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.",
                            "source": "openalex",
                            "title": "Isolation and characterization of anaerobic microbes from marine environments in Korea",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.7845/kjm.2016.6010",
                            "year": "2016",
                            "id": "https://openalex.org/W2501951381"
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                            "sentence": "Here, we compared their composition and characteristics in 37 reproductive-aged Chinese women including 24 pregnant women with cervical incompetence (vaginal and cervical canal bacteria formed Groups A and B, respectively) and 13 healthy pregnant women (vaginal and cervical canal bacteria formed Groups C and D, respectively) using high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene.",
                            "source": "doaj",
                            "title": "Characterization of cervical canal and vaginal bacteria in pregnant women with cervical incompetence",
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                            "title": "Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste.",
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                            "source": "openalex",
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                            "source": "pubmed",
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                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27506535/",
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                        {
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                            "source": "pubmed_pheno",
                            "title": "Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste.",
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                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.001403",
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                            "title": "Impact of Pristine Graphene on Intestinal Microbiota Assessed Using a Bioreactor-Rotary Cell Culture System.",
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                    "key": "pigment_production",
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                    "confidence": "low",
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                        {
                            "sentence": "Exotic enzymes, cold-shock proteins and pigments produced by some of the extremophiles from polar environments have the potential to be of great benefit to Mankind.",
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                            "title": "Psychrophilic and Psychrotolerant Microbial Extremophiles in Polar Environments",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420083880-c5",
                            "year": "2009",
                            "id": "https://openalex.org/W181884455"
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                    "inferred": false
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                {
                    "key": "motility",
                    "value": "Motility — reported positive",
                    "score": 0.65,
                    "sources": [
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                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
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                            "sentence": "A new psychroactive saccharolytic anaerobic organism was isolated from cattle manure digested at 6 degrees C. The organism is a Gram-positive oligosporous motile rod measuring 0.5-0.6 by 2.1-5.0 microns.",
                            "source": "pubmed",
                            "title": "[A new psychroactive bacterium, Clostridium fimentarium, isolated from cattle manure fermented at a low temperature].",
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            "title": "Molecular Characterization of a Novel Alkaline Endo-Pectate Lyase from Paenibacillus borealis and Over-Production in Bioreactor Realized by Constructing the Tandem Expression Cassettes in Host Genome",
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            "year": "2025",
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        {
            "title": "Impact of Pristine Graphene on Intestinal Microbiota Assessed Using a Bioreactor-Rotary Cell Culture System.",
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            "n": 2
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        {
            "title": "Partitioning of Bacterial Communities between Seawater and Healthy, Black Band Diseased, and Dead Coral Surfaces",
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            "id": "PMC127591",
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        {
            "title": "Partitioning of bacterial communities between seawater and healthy, black band diseased, and dead coral surfaces.",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.5.2214-2228.2002",
            "year": "2002",
            "id": "MED:11976091 doi:10.1128/aem.68.5.2214-2228.2002",
            "source": "europepmc",
            "fields": [
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            "n": 1
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        {
            "title": "Chemically Defined Medium for the Growth of Clostridium perfringens",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1128/am.22.4.738-739.1971",
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            "id": "doi:10.1128/am.22.4.738-739.1971",
            "source": "crossref",
            "fields": [
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            "n": 1
        },
        {
            "title": "Microbial community analysis in sludge of anaerobic wastewater treatment systems : integrated culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.18174/121931",
            "year": "2007",
            "id": "https://openalex.org/W2153442936",
            "source": "openalex",
            "fields": [
                "biochem"
            ],
            "n": 1
        },
        {
            "title": "Psychrophilic and Psychrotolerant Microbial Extremophiles in Polar Environments",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420083880-c5",
            "year": "2009",
            "id": "https://openalex.org/W181884455",
            "source": "openalex",
            "fields": [
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            "n": 1
        },
        {
            "title": "Characterization of cervical canal and vaginal bacteria in pregnant women with cervical incompetence",
            "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.986326/full",
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            "key": "pubmed_pheno",
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