{
    "organism": "Staphylococcus argensis",
    "built_at": "2026-08-12T21:41:36+05:30",
    "review_status": "unreviewed",
    "generator": "CultureScope 1.0.0",
    "disclaimer": "Aggregated from published literature. Unreviewed. Not a substitute for a validated SOP or an accredited reference laboratory.",
    "taxonomy": {
        "taxon": "Staphylococcus argensis",
        "lineage": "cellular organisms; Bacteria; Bacillati; Bacillota; Bacilli; Caryophanales; Staphylococcaceae; Staphylococcus",
        "rank": "species",
        "taxid": "1607738",
        "taxonomy_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=1607738",
        "gram_prior": {
            "value": "Gram-positive",
            "basis": "Inferred from NCBI Taxonomy lineage"
        },
        "accepted": "Staphylococcus argensis",
        "gbif_status": "ACCEPTED",
        "gbif_name": "Staphylococcus argensis Hess & Gallert, 2015"
    },
    "fields": {
        "media": {
            "label": "Media used",
            "multi": true,
            "items": [
                {
                    "key": "brain_heart_infusion_bhi_",
                    "value": "Brain heart infusion (BHI)",
                    "score": 2.79,
                    "sources": [
                        "crossref"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "Here, we reconstituted a skin model using keratin as a base (instead of callus) and compared it with brain heart infusion (BHI) medium.",
                            "source": "crossref",
                            "title": "Effects of cosmetic ingredients on growth and virulence factor expression in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>: a comparison between culture medium and <i>in vitro</i> skin model medium",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2025002",
                            "year": "2024",
                            "id": "doi:10.3934/microbiol.2025002"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "Upon the addition of cosmetic ingredients to BHI or skin model medium, the sensitivity of S. aureus to these cosmetic ingredients differed between the two media.",
                            "source": "crossref",
                            "title": "Effects of cosmetic ingredients on growth and virulence factor expression in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>: a comparison between culture medium and <i>in vitro</i> skin model medium",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2025002",
                            "year": "2024",
                            "id": "doi:10.3934/microbiol.2025002"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "Notably, after adding the two tested cosmetic ingredients, the expression level of staphylococcal enterotoxin A in S. aureus reduced significantly in skin model medium compared with that in the BHI medium.",
                            "source": "crossref",
                            "title": "Effects of cosmetic ingredients on growth and virulence factor expression in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>: a comparison between culture medium and <i>in vitro</i> skin model medium",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2025002",
                            "year": "2024",
                            "id": "doi:10.3934/microbiol.2025002"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                }
            ],
            "confidence": "low",
            "conflict": null,
            "review": "unreviewed"
        },
        "temperature": {
            "label": "Optimum temperature for growth",
            "multi": false,
            "items": [],
            "confidence": "none",
            "conflict": null,
            "review": "unreviewed"
        },
        "time": {
            "label": "Time required to grow",
            "multi": false,
            "items": [
                {
                    "key": "hrs_24_24",
                    "value": "24 h",
                    "score": 1.4,
                    "sources": [
                        "pmc"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "Plates were kept at 9 degC in an incubator for 24 h.",
                            "source": "pmc",
                            "title": "Control of stripe rust of wheat using indigenous endophytic bacteria at seedling and adult plant stage",
                            "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8280153/",
                            "year": "2021",
                            "id": "PMC8280153"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "hrs_120_120",
                    "value": "5 d",
                    "score": 0.61,
                    "sources": [
                        "crossref"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "Growth curve of a bacterial culture K2-2 in a liquid VD medium with sodium acetate and without an organic substrate for 2.5 days.",
                            "source": "crossref",
                            "title": "Fig. 2. Growth curve of a bacterial culture K2-2 in a liquid VD medium with sodium acetate and without an organic substrate for 2.5 days. OD - optical density culture",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen50901-37212",
                            "year": "",
                            "id": "doi:10.17816/ecogen50901-37212"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                }
            ],
            "confidence": "low",
            "conflict": null,
            "review": "unreviewed"
        },
        "colony": {
            "label": "Colony morphology",
            "multi": false,
            "items": [],
            "confidence": "none",
            "conflict": null,
            "review": "unreviewed"
        },
        "gram": {
            "label": "Gram character",
            "multi": false,
            "items": [
                {
                    "key": "gram_positive",
                    "value": "Gram-positive (coccus)",
                    "score": 11.29,
                    "sources": [
                        "pubmed",
                        "pubmed_pheno",
                        "europepmc",
                        "openalex"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 4,
                    "confidence": "high",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "The strains were non-spore-forming, non-motile Gram-positive cocci, facultative anaerobes.",
                            "source": "pubmed",
                            "title": "Streptococcus sciuri sp. nov., Staphylococcus marylandisciuri sp. nov. and Staphylococcus americanisciuri sp. nov., isolated from faeces of eastern grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ).",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37578899/",
                            "year": "2023",
                            "id": "PMID:37578899"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "The strains were non-spore-forming, non-motile Gram-positive cocci, facultative anaerobes.",
                            "source": "pubmed_pheno",
                            "title": "Streptococcus sciuri sp. nov., Staphylococcus marylandisciuri sp. nov. and Staphylococcus americanisciuri sp. nov., isolated from faeces of eastern grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ).",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37578899/",
                            "year": "2023",
                            "id": "PMID:37578899"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "Most studies concerning the peptidoglycan hydrolases present in Gram-positive bacteria have focused on clinically relevant Staphylococcus aureus or the model organism Bacillus subtilis , while knowledge relating to other species remains limited.",
                            "source": "europepmc",
                            "title": "Two New M23 Peptidoglycan Hydrolases With Distinct Net Charge.",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.719689",
                            "year": "2021",
                            "id": "MED:34630350 doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.719689"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "Two Gram-stain-positive, coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains were isolated from abiotic sources comprising stone fragments and sandy soil in James Ross Island, Antarctica.",
                            "source": "europepmc",
                            "title": "Staphylococcus edaphicus sp. nov., Isolated in Antarctica, Harbors the <i>mecC</i> Gene and Genomic Islands with a Suspected Role in Adaptation to Extreme Environments.",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01746-17",
                            "year": "2018",
                            "id": "MED:29079617 doi:10.1128/aem.01746-17"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "Most studies concerning the peptidoglycan hydrolases present in Gram-positive bacteria have focused on clinically relevant Staphylococcus aureus or the model organism Bacillus subtilis , while knowledge relating to other species remains limited.",
                            "source": "openalex",
                            "title": "Two New M23 Peptidoglycan Hydrolases With Distinct Net Charge",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.719689",
                            "year": "2021",
                            "id": "https://openalex.org/W3204647228"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "Inferred from NCBI Taxonomy lineage: cellular organisms; Bacteria; Bacillati; Bacillota; Bacilli; Caryophanales; Staphylococcaceae; Staphylococcus",
                            "source": "ncbi_taxonomy",
                            "title": "NCBI Taxonomy lineage",
                            "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=1607738",
                            "year": "2026",
                            "id": "lineage"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                }
            ],
            "confidence": "high",
            "conflict": null,
            "review": "unreviewed"
        },
        "biochem": {
            "label": "Biochemical tests for identification",
            "multi": true,
            "items": [
                {
                    "key": "coagulase",
                    "value": "Coagulase — reported negative",
                    "score": 18.63,
                    "sources": [
                        "pubmed",
                        "europepmc",
                        "crossref",
                        "openalex"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 4,
                    "confidence": "high",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "A staphylocoagulase-negative, novobiocin-susceptible strain (M4S-6T) of a species of the genus Staphylococcus was isolated from the river Argen in Southern Germany.",
                            "source": "pubmed",
                            "title": "Staphylococcus argensis sp. nov., a novel staphylococcal species isolated from an aquatic environment.",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25964519/",
                            "year": "2015",
                            "id": "PMID:25964519"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "It was assigned to the genus Staphylococcus due to the presence of the fatty acids, ai-C15 : 0, i-C15 : 0, i-C17 : 0, ai-C17 : 0, and of menaquinone (MK-7) in the cytoplasmic membrane, which are typical of coagulase-negative staphylococci.",
                            "source": "pubmed",
                            "title": "Staphylococcus argensis sp. nov., a novel staphylococcal species isolated from an aquatic environment.",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25964519/",
                            "year": "2015",
                            "id": "PMID:25964519"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "Coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS), particularly Staphylococcus aureus , are of concern due to their ability to produce enterotoxins linked to foodborne outbreaks.",
                            "source": "europepmc",
                            "title": "Clarifying the Dual Role of &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus&lt;/i&gt; spp. in Cheese Production.",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14223823",
                            "year": "2025",
                            "id": "MED:41299981 doi:10.3390/foods14223823"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "In contrast, some members of the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) group, such as Staphylococcus carnosus , Staphylococcus condimenti , Staphylococcus equorum , Staphylococcus piscifermentans , Staphylococcus succinus , and Staphylococcus xylosus , contribute to ripening, influencing flavor and texture.",
                            "source": "europepmc",
                            "title": "Clarifying the Dual Role of &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus&lt;/i&gt; spp. in Cheese Production.",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14223823",
                            "year": "2025",
                            "id": "MED:41299981 doi:10.3390/foods14223823"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "Two Gram-stain-positive, coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains were isolated from abiotic sources comprising stone fragments and sandy soil in James Ross Island, Antarctica.",
                            "source": "europepmc",
                            "title": "Staphylococcus edaphicus sp. nov., Isolated in Antarctica, Harbors the <i>mecC</i> Gene and Genomic Islands with a Suspected Role in Adaptation to Extreme Environments.",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01746-17",
                            "year": "2018",
                            "id": "MED:29079617 doi:10.1128/aem.01746-17"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "A staphylocoagulase-negative, novobiocin-susceptible strain (M4S-6 T ) of a species of the genus Staphylococcus was isolated from the river Argen in Southern Germany.",
                            "source": "crossref",
                            "title": "Staphylococcus argensis sp. nov., a novel staphylococcal species isolated from an aquatic environment",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000319",
                            "year": "2015",
                            "id": "doi:10.1099/ijs.0.000319"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "maldi_tof_ms",
                    "value": "MALDI-TOF MS",
                    "score": 5.91,
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                        "europepmc"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 3,
                    "confidence": "moderate",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry supported identification of these novel species.",
                            "source": "pubmed",
                            "title": "Streptococcus sciuri sp. nov., Staphylococcus marylandisciuri sp. nov. and Staphylococcus americanisciuri sp. nov., isolated from faeces of eastern grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ).",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37578899/",
                            "year": "2023",
                            "id": "PMID:37578899"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry supported identification of these novel species.",
                            "source": "pubmed_pheno",
                            "title": "Streptococcus sciuri sp. nov., Staphylococcus marylandisciuri sp. nov. and Staphylococcus americanisciuri sp. nov., isolated from faeces of eastern grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ).",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37578899/",
                            "year": "2023",
                            "id": "PMID:37578899"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "Objective A comprehensive strategy for microbial identification and contamination investigation during sterile drug manufacturing was innovatively established in this study, mainly based on MALDI-TOF MS for the identification and complemented by sequencing technology on strain typing.",
                            "source": "europepmc",
                            "title": "A comprehensive technology strategy for microbial identification and contamination investigation in the sterile drug manufacturing facility-a case study.",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1327175",
                            "year": "2024",
                            "id": "MED:38410390 doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1327175"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "With 75.8% species-level and 95.4% genus-level identification capability, MALDI-TOF MS was promising to be a first-line tool for environmental monitoring routine.",
                            "source": "europepmc",
                            "title": "A comprehensive technology strategy for microbial identification and contamination investigation in the sterile drug manufacturing facility-a case study.",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1327175",
                            "year": "2024",
                            "id": "MED:38410390 doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1327175"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "novobiocin_susceptibility",
                    "value": "Novobiocin susceptibility — reported negative",
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                        "pubmed",
                        "crossref"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 2,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "A staphylocoagulase-negative, novobiocin-susceptible strain (M4S-6T) of a species of the genus Staphylococcus was isolated from the river Argen in Southern Germany.",
                            "source": "pubmed",
                            "title": "Staphylococcus argensis sp. nov., a novel staphylococcal species isolated from an aquatic environment.",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25964519/",
                            "year": "2015",
                            "id": "PMID:25964519"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "A staphylocoagulase-negative, novobiocin-susceptible strain (M4S-6 T ) of a species of the genus Staphylococcus was isolated from the river Argen in Southern Germany.",
                            "source": "crossref",
                            "title": "Staphylococcus argensis sp. nov., a novel staphylococcal species isolated from an aquatic environment",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000319",
                            "year": "2015",
                            "id": "doi:10.1099/ijs.0.000319"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "menaquinone_respiratory_quinone",
                    "value": "Menaquinone / respiratory quinone",
                    "score": 3.6,
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                        "pubmed",
                        "crossref"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 2,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "It was assigned to the genus Staphylococcus due to the presence of the fatty acids, ai-C15 : 0, i-C15 : 0, i-C17 : 0, ai-C17 : 0, and of menaquinone (MK-7) in the cytoplasmic membrane, which are typical of coagulase-negative staphylococci.",
                            "source": "pubmed",
                            "title": "Staphylococcus argensis sp. nov., a novel staphylococcal species isolated from an aquatic environment.",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25964519/",
                            "year": "2015",
                            "id": "PMID:25964519"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "It was assigned to the genus Staphylococcus due to the presence of the fatty acids, ai-C 15 : 0 , i-C 15 : 0 , i-C 17 : 0 , ai-C 17 : 0 , and of menaquinone (MK-7) in the cytoplasmic membrane, which are typical of coagulase-negative staphylococci.",
                            "source": "crossref",
                            "title": "Staphylococcus argensis sp. nov., a novel staphylococcal species isolated from an aquatic environment",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000319",
                            "year": "2015",
                            "id": "doi:10.1099/ijs.0.000319"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "16s_rrna_gene_sequencing",
                    "value": "16S rRNA gene sequencing",
                    "score": 2.57,
                    "sources": [
                        "openalex"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "All reference staphylococcal strains were identified at the species level using Sanger sequencing of the 16S rRNA, sodA, tuf and rpoB genes and NGS of the 16S-23S rRNA region.",
                            "source": "openalex",
                            "title": "Development and Validation of a Reference Data Set for Assigning Staphylococcus Species Based on Next-Generation Sequencing of the 16S-23S rRNA Region",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00278",
                            "year": "2019",
                            "id": "https://openalex.org/W2963274849"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "To broaden the database, an additional 100 staphylococcal strains, including 29 species, were identified by routine diagnostic methods, 16S rRNA Sanger sequencing and NGS of the 16S-23S rRNA region.",
                            "source": "openalex",
                            "title": "Development and Validation of a Reference Data Set for Assigning Staphylococcus Species Based on Next-Generation Sequencing of the 16S-23S rRNA Region",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00278",
                            "year": "2019",
                            "id": "https://openalex.org/W2963274849"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "motility",
                    "value": "Motility — reported negative",
                    "score": 1.86,
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                        "pubmed",
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                    ],
                    "n_sources": 2,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "The strains were non-spore-forming, non-motile Gram-positive cocci, facultative anaerobes.",
                            "source": "pubmed",
                            "title": "Streptococcus sciuri sp. nov., Staphylococcus marylandisciuri sp. nov. and Staphylococcus americanisciuri sp. nov., isolated from faeces of eastern grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ).",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37578899/",
                            "year": "2023",
                            "id": "PMID:37578899"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "The strains were non-spore-forming, non-motile Gram-positive cocci, facultative anaerobes.",
                            "source": "pubmed_pheno",
                            "title": "Streptococcus sciuri sp. nov., Staphylococcus marylandisciuri sp. nov. and Staphylococcus americanisciuri sp. nov., isolated from faeces of eastern grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ).",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37578899/",
                            "year": "2023",
                            "id": "PMID:37578899"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "spore_formation_stain",
                    "value": "Spore formation / stain — reported negative",
                    "score": 1.86,
                    "sources": [
                        "pubmed",
                        "pubmed_pheno"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 2,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "The strains were non-spore-forming, non-motile Gram-positive cocci, facultative anaerobes.",
                            "source": "pubmed",
                            "title": "Streptococcus sciuri sp. nov., Staphylococcus marylandisciuri sp. nov. and Staphylococcus americanisciuri sp. nov., isolated from faeces of eastern grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ).",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37578899/",
                            "year": "2023",
                            "id": "PMID:37578899"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "The strains were non-spore-forming, non-motile Gram-positive cocci, facultative anaerobes.",
                            "source": "pubmed_pheno",
                            "title": "Streptococcus sciuri sp. nov., Staphylococcus marylandisciuri sp. nov. and Staphylococcus americanisciuri sp. nov., isolated from faeces of eastern grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ).",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37578899/",
                            "year": "2023",
                            "id": "PMID:37578899"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "aerotolerance_test",
                    "value": "Aerotolerance test — reported positive",
                    "score": 1.86,
                    "sources": [
                        "pubmed",
                        "pubmed_pheno"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 2,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "The strains were non-spore-forming, non-motile Gram-positive cocci, facultative anaerobes.",
                            "source": "pubmed",
                            "title": "Streptococcus sciuri sp. nov., Staphylococcus marylandisciuri sp. nov. and Staphylococcus americanisciuri sp. nov., isolated from faeces of eastern grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ).",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37578899/",
                            "year": "2023",
                            "id": "PMID:37578899"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "The strains were non-spore-forming, non-motile Gram-positive cocci, facultative anaerobes.",
                            "source": "pubmed_pheno",
                            "title": "Streptococcus sciuri sp. nov., Staphylococcus marylandisciuri sp. nov. and Staphylococcus americanisciuri sp. nov., isolated from faeces of eastern grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ).",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37578899/",
                            "year": "2023",
                            "id": "PMID:37578899"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "urease",
                    "value": "Urease — reported negative",
                    "score": 1.62,
                    "sources": [
                        "pubmed",
                        "crossref"
                    ],
                    "n_sources": 2,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "In contrast to S. pettenkoferi, M4S-6T was ornithine decarboxylase-positive, urease-negative and could use formiate and l-histidine as carbon-sources; nitrate was not reduced.",
                            "source": "pubmed",
                            "title": "Staphylococcus argensis sp. nov., a novel staphylococcal species isolated from an aquatic environment.",
                            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25964519/",
                            "year": "2015",
                            "id": "PMID:25964519"
                        },
                        {
                            "sentence": "In contrast to S. pettenkoferi , M4S-6 T was ornithine decarboxylase-positive, urease-negative and could use formiate and l -histidine as carbon-sources; nitrate was not reduced.",
                            "source": "crossref",
                            "title": "Staphylococcus argensis sp. nov., a novel staphylococcal species isolated from an aquatic environment",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000319",
                            "year": "2015",
                            "id": "doi:10.1099/ijs.0.000319"
                        }
                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "ornithine_decarboxylase",
                    "value": "Ornithine decarboxylase — reported positive",
                    "score": 1.62,
                    "sources": [
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                        "crossref"
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                    "n_sources": 2,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "In contrast to S. pettenkoferi, M4S-6T was ornithine decarboxylase-positive, urease-negative and could use formiate and l-histidine as carbon-sources; nitrate was not reduced.",
                            "source": "pubmed",
                            "title": "Staphylococcus argensis sp. nov., a novel staphylococcal species isolated from an aquatic environment.",
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                            "year": "2015",
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                            "sentence": "In contrast to S. pettenkoferi , M4S-6 T was ornithine decarboxylase-positive, urease-negative and could use formiate and l -histidine as carbon-sources; nitrate was not reduced.",
                            "source": "crossref",
                            "title": "Staphylococcus argensis sp. nov., a novel staphylococcal species isolated from an aquatic environment",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000319",
                            "year": "2015",
                            "id": "doi:10.1099/ijs.0.000319"
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                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
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                            "title": "Draft Genome Sequences of 64 Type Strains of 50 Species and 25 Subspecies of the Genus <i>Staphylococcus</i> Rosenbach 1884.",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00062-19",
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                            "id": "MED:31023808 doi:10.1128/mra.00062-19"
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                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
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                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
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                            "source": "europepmc",
                            "title": "Staphylococcus edaphicus sp. nov., Isolated in Antarctica, Harbors the <i>mecC</i> Gene and Genomic Islands with a Suspected Role in Adaptation to Extreme Environments.",
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                    "inferred": false
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                {
                    "key": "beta_glucuronidase_mug_",
                    "value": "Beta-glucuronidase (MUG) — reported positive",
                    "score": 0.81,
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                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "In contrast to S. saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus , the novel strains are pyrrolidonyl arylamidase and β-glucuronidase positive and β-galactosidase negative, nitrate is reduced, and acid produced aerobically from d-mannose.",
                            "source": "europepmc",
                            "title": "Staphylococcus edaphicus sp. nov., Isolated in Antarctica, Harbors the <i>mecC</i> Gene and Genomic Islands with a Suspected Role in Adaptation to Extreme Environments.",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01746-17",
                            "year": "2018",
                            "id": "MED:29079617 doi:10.1128/aem.01746-17"
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                    ],
                    "inferred": false
                },
                {
                    "key": "pyr_pyrrolidonyl_arylamidase_",
                    "value": "PYR (pyrrolidonyl arylamidase) — reported positive",
                    "score": 0.81,
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                    "n_sources": 1,
                    "confidence": "low",
                    "evidence": [
                        {
                            "sentence": "In contrast to S. saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus , the novel strains are pyrrolidonyl arylamidase and β-glucuronidase positive and β-galactosidase negative, nitrate is reduced, and acid produced aerobically from d-mannose.",
                            "source": "europepmc",
                            "title": "Staphylococcus edaphicus sp. nov., Isolated in Antarctica, Harbors the <i>mecC</i> Gene and Genomic Islands with a Suspected Role in Adaptation to Extreme Environments.",
                            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01746-17",
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            "confidence": "high",
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    "references": [
        {
            "title": "Streptococcus sciuri sp. nov., Staphylococcus marylandisciuri sp. nov. and Staphylococcus americanisciuri sp. nov., isolated from faeces of eastern grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ).",
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        {
            "title": "Staphylococcus argensis sp. nov., a novel staphylococcal species isolated from an aquatic environment.",
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        {
            "title": "Staphylococcus argensis sp. nov., a novel staphylococcal species isolated from an aquatic environment",
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        {
            "title": "Staphylococcus edaphicus sp. nov., Isolated in Antarctica, Harbors the <i>mecC</i> Gene and Genomic Islands with a Suspected Role in Adaptation to Extreme Environments.",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01746-17",
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        {
            "title": "Effects of cosmetic ingredients on growth and virulence factor expression in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>: a comparison between culture medium and <i>in vitro</i> skin model medium",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2025002",
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            "id": "doi:10.3934/microbiol.2025002",
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        {
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            "year": "2017",
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            "fields": [
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        {
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            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1327175",
            "year": "2024",
            "id": "MED:38410390 doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1327175",
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        {
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            "year": "2021",
            "id": "MED:34630350 doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.719689",
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        {
            "title": "Clarifying the Dual Role of &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus&lt;/i&gt; spp. in Cheese Production.",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14223823",
            "year": "2025",
            "id": "MED:41299981 doi:10.3390/foods14223823",
            "source": "europepmc",
            "fields": [
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            "n": 2
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        {
            "title": "Development and Validation of a Reference Data Set for Assigning Staphylococcus Species Based on Next-Generation Sequencing of the 16S-23S rRNA Region",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00278",
            "year": "2019",
            "id": "https://openalex.org/W2963274849",
            "source": "openalex",
            "fields": [
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        {
            "title": "Nitric oxide production among coagulase negative staphylococci : involvement of nitric oxide synthase from Staphylococcus xylosus",
            "url": "https://openalex.org/W4392416707",
            "year": "2017",
            "id": "https://openalex.org/W4392416707",
            "source": "openalex",
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            "n": 2
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        {
            "title": "Control of stripe rust of wheat using indigenous endophytic bacteria at seedling and adult plant stage",
            "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8280153/",
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            "id": "PMC8280153",
            "source": "pmc",
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            "n": 1
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        {
            "title": "Draft Genome Sequences of 64 Type Strains of 50 Species and 25 Subspecies of the Genus <i>Staphylococcus</i> Rosenbach 1884.",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00062-19",
            "year": "2019",
            "id": "MED:31023808 doi:10.1128/mra.00062-19",
            "source": "europepmc",
            "fields": [
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            "n": 1
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        {
            "title": "Fig. 2. Growth curve of a bacterial culture K2-2 in a liquid VD medium with sodium acetate and without an organic substrate for 2.5 days. OD - optical density culture",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen50901-37212",
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            "id": "doi:10.17816/ecogen50901-37212",
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        {
            "title": "Comparative genomic analysis and characterization of <i>Staphylococcus</i> sp. AOAB, isolated from a notoriously invasive <i>Mnemiopsis leidyi</i> gut revealed multiple antibiotic resistance determinants",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.11.426108",
            "year": "2021",
            "id": "https://openalex.org/W3119792913",
            "source": "openalex",
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            "key": "pubmed_pheno",
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            "records": 1,
            "evidence": 5,
            "ms": 1500
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        {
            "key": "pmc",
            "label": "PubMed Central — open-access Methods sections",
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            "note": "1 open-access full texts mined.",
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            "evidence": 1,
            "ms": 2063
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            "key": "preprints",
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