Culture profile
Clostridium acetireducens
cellular organisms; Bacteria; Bacillati; Bacillota; Clostridia; Eubacteriales; Clostridiaceae; Clostridium
unreviewed
Built 12 Aug 2026 · today
At a glance
Evidence base by publication year
How current the underlying literature is. Recent work is weighted more heavily, but classical descriptions still count — that is often where the phenotype was characterised properly.
- Median 2018
- Newest 2026
- Oldest 1971
- Last 5 years 3
Latest literature
The newest publications that fed this profile.
- 2026
- 2023
- 2023
- 2019
- 2018
- 2018
1 Media used
low-
Thioglycollate broth
Evidence (1)
Generation time for strain 8797 was 1.5 times greater than previously reported for growth in purged fluid thioglycolate medium.
Chemically Defined Medium for the Growth of Clostridium perfringens — Crossref, 1971
2 Optimum temperature for growth
moderate5–50 °C
Evidence (6)
Temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration ranges (5-50 °C, pH 4.5-9.5, 0-100 g NaCl L -1 , correspondingly) for strain growth were defined using the basal nutrient medium supplemented with 22 mM lactate or d -glucose.
Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis — PubMed Central (open access), 2023The strain is also psychrotolerant, growing from 8 °C to 32 °C with optimum growth at temperatures between 18 and 20 °C.
Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis — PubMed Central (open access), 2023Fusibacter bizertensis WBS grew at temperatures between 8 and 32 °C (optimum growth at 18-20 °C), pH between 5.2 and 8.3 (optimum growth at pH 7.2), and at NaCl concentrations between 0 and 70 g L -1 (optimum growth at 32 g L -1 ).
Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium <i>Fusibacter</i> sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis. — Europe PMC, 2023Fusibacter bizertensis WBS grew at temperatures between 8 and 32 °C (optimum growth at 18-20 °C), pH between 5.2 and 8.3 (optimum growth at pH 7.2), and at NaCl concentrations between 0 and 70 g L-1 (optimum growth at 32 g L-1).
Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea—Biochemical and Genome Analysis — OpenAlex, 2023The strain is also psychrotolerant, growing from 8 °C to 32 °C with optimum growth at temperatures between 18 and 20 °C.
Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis — PubMed Central (open access), 2023Fusibacter bizertensis WBS grew at temperatures between 8 and 32 °C (optimum growth at 18-20 °C), pH between 5.2 and 8.3 (optimum growth at pH 7.2), and at NaCl concentrations between 0 and 70 g L -1 (optimum growth at 32 g L -1 ).
Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium <i>Fusibacter</i> sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis. — Europe PMC, 2023
Other values reported (1)
-
18–20 °C
Evidence (5)
Fusibacter bizertensis WBS grew at temperatures between 8 and 32 °C (optimum growth at 18-20 °C), pH between 5.2 and 8.3 (optimum growth at pH 7.2), and at NaCl concentrations between 0 and 70 g L -1 (optimum growth at 32 g L -1 ).
Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium <i>Fusibacter</i> sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis. — Europe PMC, 2023Fusibacter bizertensis WBS grew at temperatures between 8 and 32 °C (optimum growth at 18-20 °C), pH between 5.2 and 8.3 (optimum growth at pH 7.2), and at NaCl concentrations between 0 and 70 g L-1 (optimum growth at 32 g L-1).
Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea—Biochemical and Genome Analysis — OpenAlex, 2023The strain is also psychrotolerant, growing from 8 °C to 32 °C with optimum growth at temperatures between 18 and 20 °C.
Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis — PubMed Central (open access), 2023Fusibacter bizertensis WBS grew at temperatures between 8 and 32 °C (optimum growth at 18-20 °C), pH between 5.2 and 8.3 (optimum growth at pH 7.2), and at NaCl concentrations between 0 and 70 g L -1 (optimum growth at 32 g L -1 ).
Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium <i>Fusibacter</i> sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis. — Europe PMC, 2023Fusibacter bizertensis WBS grew at temperatures between 8 and 32 °C (optimum growth at 18-20 °C), pH between 5.2 and 8.3 (optimum growth at pH 7.2), and at NaCl concentrations between 0 and 70 g L-1 (optimum growth at 32 g L-1).
Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea—Biochemical and Genome Analysis — OpenAlex, 2023
Sources disagree: "5–50 °C" (score 8.68) versus "18–20 °C" (score 6.46). Both are shown; a reviewer should decide.
3 Time required to grow
low5-7 d
Evidence (3)
Several black colonies that appeared were picked separately in sterile conditions; they were about 2 mm in diameter after 5-7 days of incubation.
Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis — PubMed Central (open access), 2023The colonies seen in the roll tubes were round, about 2 mm in diameter, and of black color after 5-7 days of incubation at 20 °C.
Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis — PubMed Central (open access), 2023Results Strain identification and phylogenetic analyses Isolation of strains Marseille-P2953 and LF2 occurred, respectively, after 7 days' and 30 days' preincubation in anaerobic blood culture bottles supplemented with rumen and sheep's blood, respectively.
Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: ‘Clostridium amazonitimonense’ , ‘Clostridium merdae’ , ‘Clostridium massilidielmoense’ and ‘Clostridium nigeriense’ — PubMed Central (open access), 2018
Other values reported (4)
-
5-20 d
Evidence (3)
This procedure was repeated to obtain serial dilutions (from 10 -1 to 10 -10 ) and the inoculated Hungate tubes were then incubated at 20 °C for 5-20 days.
Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis — PubMed Central (open access), 2023Results Strain identification and phylogenetic analyses Isolation of strains Marseille-P2953 and LF2 occurred, respectively, after 7 days' and 30 days' preincubation in anaerobic blood culture bottles supplemented with rumen and sheep's blood, respectively.
Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: ‘Clostridium amazonitimonense’ , ‘Clostridium merdae’ , ‘Clostridium massilidielmoense’ and ‘Clostridium nigeriense’ — PubMed Central (open access), 2018Strain Marseille-P2414 was first isolated after 15 days' preincubation in an aerobic blood culture bottle supplemented with rumen and sheep's blood.
Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: ‘Clostridium amazonitimonense’ , ‘Clostridium merdae’ , ‘Clostridium massilidielmoense’ and ‘Clostridium nigeriense’ — PubMed Central (open access), 2018
-
30 d
Evidence (2)
Results Strain identification and phylogenetic analyses Isolation of strains Marseille-P2953 and LF2 occurred, respectively, after 7 days' and 30 days' preincubation in anaerobic blood culture bottles supplemented with rumen and sheep's blood, respectively.
Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: ‘Clostridium amazonitimonense’ , ‘Clostridium merdae’ , ‘Clostridium massilidielmoense’ and ‘Clostridium nigeriense’ — PubMed Central (open access), 2018Finally, strain MT26 was first isolated after 30 days' preincubation in an anaerobic blood culture bottle supplemented with sheep's blood.
Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: ‘Clostridium amazonitimonense’ , ‘Clostridium merdae’ , ‘Clostridium massilidielmoense’ and ‘Clostridium nigeriense’ — PubMed Central (open access), 2018
-
90 d
Evidence (1)
Microcystis scum was anaerobically incubated for 90 days at three temperatures (15 °C, 25 °C and 35 °C).
Novel Clostridium populations involved in the anaerobic degradation of Microcystis blooms. — Europe PMC, 2011
-
1 h
Evidence (1)
Optimum growth of the strain was observed under neutrophilic conditions at 50-55 degrees C. The doubling time of strain ZT grown in rich medium was approximately 1 h at optimal pH and temperature.
Caloramator coolhaasii sp. nov., a glutamate-degrading, moderately thermophilic anaerobe. — OpenAlex, 2000
Sources disagree: "5-7 d" (score 3.33) versus "5-20 d" (score 2.48). Both are shown; a reviewer should decide.
4 Colony morphology
no evidenceNo sentence in the retrieved literature supported this field. Nothing is asserted here. Add BacDive credentials to widen the scan, or consult Bergey's Manual and the culture-collection product sheet directly.
5 Gram character
moderateGram-positive (rod)
Evidence (5)
Morphological and Physiological Properties of the Strain WBS Cultures of the strain WBS contained slightly motile, Gram-positive staining, long rod-shaped cells.
Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis — PubMed Central (open access), 2023Strain ZF2T, isolated from freshwater sediment, is a motile, rod-shaped, gram-positive, endospore-forming, amino acid- and pyruvate-utilizing, anaerobic bacterium.
Reclassification of Clostridium hydroxybenzoicum as Sedimentibacter hydroxybenzoicus gen. nov., comb. nov., and description of Sedimentibacter saalensis sp. nov.. — OpenAlex, 2002The cell wall had a Gram-positive structure, which was revealed by electron microscopy.
Caloramator coolhaasii sp. nov., a glutamate-degrading, moderately thermophilic anaerobe. — OpenAlex, 2000Clostridium acetireducens is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Clostridium which has been isolated from an anaerobic bioreactor from De Krim in the Netherlands. == References ==
Clostridium acetireducens — Wikipedia, 2026Inferred from NCBI Taxonomy lineage: cellular organisms; Bacteria; Bacillati; Bacillota; Clostridia; Eubacteriales; Clostridiaceae; Clostridium
NCBI Taxonomy lineage — NCBI Taxonomy, 2026
6 Biochemical tests for identification
low-
16S rRNA gene sequencing
Evidence (3)
Because the routine identification using MALDI-TOF MS failed, the 16S rRNA gene of each strain was sequenced.
Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: ‘Clostridium amazonitimonense’ , ‘Clostridium merdae’ , ‘Clostridium massilidielmoense’ and ‘Clostridium nigeriense’ — PubMed Central (open access), 2018One of the cultures, most closely related to F. bizertensis according to the V3-V4 region sequence of the 16S rRNA gene, was chosen for further characterization and designated as strain WBS (White Sea Biological Station).
Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis — PubMed Central (open access), 2023Culturomics investigates microbial diversity of the human microbiome by combining diversified culture conditions, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene identification.
Taxonogenomic description of four new <i>Clostridium</i> species isolated from human gut: <i>'Clostridium amazonitimonense'</i>, <i>'Clostridium merdae'</i>, <i>'Clostridium massilidielmoense'</i> and <i>'Clostridium nigeriense'</i>. — Europe PMC, 2018
-
MALDI-TOF MS
Evidence (2)
Because the routine identification using MALDI-TOF MS failed, the 16S rRNA gene of each strain was sequenced.
Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: ‘Clostridium amazonitimonense’ , ‘Clostridium merdae’ , ‘Clostridium massilidielmoense’ and ‘Clostridium nigeriense’ — PubMed Central (open access), 2018Culturomics investigates microbial diversity of the human microbiome by combining diversified culture conditions, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene identification.
Taxonogenomic description of four new <i>Clostridium</i> species isolated from human gut: <i>'Clostridium amazonitimonense'</i>, <i>'Clostridium merdae'</i>, <i>'Clostridium massilidielmoense'</i> and <i>'Clostridium nigeriense'</i>. — Europe PMC, 2018
-
Motility — reported positive
Evidence (3)
Morphological and Physiological Properties of the Strain WBS Cultures of the strain WBS contained slightly motile, Gram-positive staining, long rod-shaped cells.
Aerotolerant Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium Fusibacter sp. Strain WBS Isolated from Littoral Bottom Sediments of the White Sea-Biochemical and Genome Analysis — PubMed Central (open access), 2023Strain ZF2T, isolated from freshwater sediment, is a motile, rod-shaped, gram-positive, endospore-forming, amino acid- and pyruvate-utilizing, anaerobic bacterium.
Reclassification of Clostridium hydroxybenzoicum as Sedimentibacter hydroxybenzoicus gen. nov., comb. nov., and description of Sedimentibacter saalensis sp. nov.. — OpenAlex, 2002Clostridium acetireducens is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Clostridium which has been isolated from an anaerobic bioreactor from De Krim in the Netherlands. == References ==
Clostridium acetireducens — Wikipedia, 2026
-
Beta-glucuronidase (MUG)
Evidence (1)
The β‑glucuronidase-encoding gusA gene was successfully established as a reporter system and used to demonstrate the activity of the (inducible) promoters Pfac (IPTG), PbgaL (lactose), PackA‑theo (theophylline), Ptet (anhydrotetracycline) and Ppta-ack.
Biological conversion of CO2 into the platform chemicals lactate and 3-hydroxypropionate using recombinant strains of Acetobacterium woodii — OpenAlex, 2019
-
Spore formation / stain — reported positive
Evidence (1)
Strain ZF2T, isolated from freshwater sediment, is a motile, rod-shaped, gram-positive, endospore-forming, amino acid- and pyruvate-utilizing, anaerobic bacterium.
Reclassification of Clostridium hydroxybenzoicum as Sedimentibacter hydroxybenzoicus gen. nov., comb. nov., and description of Sedimentibacter saalensis sp. nov.. — OpenAlex, 2002
7 References used
10 sourcesCatalogues to check by hand
These have no open interface, or their terms forbid automated querying. The app prepares the query; you open it.
Scan log — what each database returned
| Database | Status | Records | Evidence | Time | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCBI Taxonomy — lineage and accepted name | empty | 0 | 0 | 1417 ms | TaxID 76489 (species). |
| LPSN — nomenclatural status | skipped | 0 | 0 | 0 ms | Skipped — LPSN credentials not configured (free registration). |
| StrainInfo — strain cross-references | empty | 0 | 0 | 635 ms | No response (endpoint may require a different path). |
| GBIF — name resolution | empty | 0 | 0 | 667 ms | Matched as Clostridium acetireducens Örlygsson et al., 1996 (ACCEPTED). |
| Wikidata — identifier bridge | empty | 0 | 0 | 869 ms | Item Q3680996 matched. |
| DSMZ MediaDive — curated growth media | empty | 0 | 0 | 629 ms | No media entries matched this name in MediaDive. |
| BacDive — curated strain phenotypes | skipped | 0 | 0 | 0 ms | Skipped — BacDive credentials not configured. This is the single highest-value source; registration is free. |
| PubMed — culture and cultivation query | hit | 1 | 0 | 1520 ms | 1 abstracts retrieved (culture query). |
| PubMed — morphology and identification query | empty | 0 | 0 | 742 ms | No PubMed hits for the pheno query. |
| PubMed Central — open-access Methods sections | hit | 5 | 16 | 7167 ms | 5 open-access full texts mined. |
| Europe PMC — abstract search | hit | 6 | 6 | 1520 ms | 6 records from Europe PMC. |
| Europe PMC — full-text mining | empty | 0 | 0 | 4038 ms | 0 full texts mined for Methods detail. |
| Crossref — DOI metadata | hit | 25 | 1 | 1481 ms | 25 DOI records (abstracts only where deposited). |
| OpenAlex — open scholarly graph | hit | 17 | 9 | 2395 ms | 17 works (inverted abstracts reconstructed locally). |
| Semantic Scholar — abstracts | empty | 0 | 0 | 1058 ms | Rate-limited or unavailable (keyless access is throttled). |
| DOAJ — open-access journals | hit | 1 | 0 | 519 ms | 1 open-access articles. |
| OpenAIRE — repository publications | empty | 0 | 0 | 792 ms | 0 repository publications. |
| SciELO — regional journals | empty | 0 | 0 | 499 ms | No parseable SciELO response (their JSON output is unstable; a deep link is still provided). |
| NCBI Bookshelf — reference texts | hit | 8 | 0 | 1299 ms | 8 reference-text chapters listed. |
| CORE — aggregated repositories | skipped | 0 | 0 | 0 ms | Skipped — no API key configured. |
| Springer Nature — publisher metadata | skipped | 0 | 0 | 0 ms | Skipped — no API key configured. |
| ScienceDirect — publisher metadata | skipped | 0 | 0 | 0 ms | Skipped — no API key configured. |
| bioRxiv / medRxiv — preprints | hit | 1 | 0 | 707 ms | 1 preprints (not peer reviewed — weighted down). |
| Zenodo — datasets and protocols | empty | 0 | 0 | 665 ms | 0 deposits (datasets, theses, protocols). |
| Wikipedia — orientation only | hit | 1 | 2 | 1177 ms | Article retrieved (lowest weight). |
| ATCC — deep link | empty | 0 | 0 | 0 ms | Deep link prepared — open manually. |
| NCTC / UKHSA — deep link | empty | 0 | 0 | 0 ms | Deep link prepared — open manually. |
| Google Scholar — deep link (not crawled) | empty | 0 | 0 | 0 ms | Deep link prepared — open manually. |
| protocols.io — deep link | empty | 0 | 0 | 0 ms | Deep link prepared — open manually. |
| ResearchGate — deep link | empty | 0 | 0 | 0 ms | Deep link prepared — open manually. |