Culture profile
Streptococcus agalactiae
cellular organisms; Bacteria; Bacillati; Bacillota; Bacilli; Lactobacillales; Streptococcaceae; Streptococcus
unreviewed
Built 2 Sep 2026 · 39 days ago
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At a glance
1
Media
high
Blood agar · Todd-Hewitt broth · Lim broth +8 more
2
Temperature
low
20 °C
3
Growth time
high
0-7 d
4
Colony
low
In cases where suspicious colonies with beta-hemolysis were observed, bacterial identification was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (Bruker
5
Gram
high
Gram-positive (coccus)
6
Biochemical tests
high
MALDI-TOF MS · CAMP test · Capsule / quellung +11 more
Evidence base by publication year
How current the underlying literature is. Recent work is weighted more heavily, but classical descriptions still count — that is often where the phenotype was characterised properly.
- Median 2021
- Newest 2026
- Oldest 1966
- Last 5 years 40
Latest literature
The newest publications that fed this profile.
- 2026
- 2026
- 2026
- 2026
- 2026
- 2026
1 Media used
high-
Blood agar
Evidence (6)
We aimed to compare BD group B Streptococcus differential agar (GBSDA) with inoculation into LIM broth and subculture onto blood agar plates (LIM-BA) as a method for GBS screening in pregnant women.
Culture-based methods for detection and identification of Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women--what are we missing? — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2008The chromogenic medium chromID Strepto B agar (STRB) was evaluated for its reliability in screening GBS from the vaginal/rectal swabs; results were compared to those of blood agar plates (BAP).
Use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for rapid identification of group B Streptococcus on chromID Strepto B agar. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2014Isolation of the bacterium was done using different culture media (Nutrient broth, Plate count agar, Tryptic Soy Agar, and Blood agar), and identification by using various biochemical tests (conventional and using API 20 Strep kit) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers against 16S rRNA gene of S. agalactiae .
Isolation and molecular detection of Streptococcus agalactiae from popped eye disease of cultured Tilapia and Vietnamese koi fishes in Bangladesh. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2021Streptococcus agalactiae can produce CAMP factor, which can promote the β-hemolysin activity of Staphylococcus aureus , forming an arrow-shaped hemolysis enhancement zone at the intersection of the two bacterial species on a blood agar plate.
Analysis of molecular characteristics of CAMP-negative Streptococcus agalactiae strains. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2023Vaginal/rectal swabs, collected from women at 35-37 weeks of pregnancy, were first inoculated into a selective enrichment broth media, then subcultured onto GBS chromogenic agar and 5% sheep blood agar sequentially.
Analysis of molecular characteristics of CAMP-negative Streptococcus agalactiae strains. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2023All grew well on blood agar and on GC medium, but variant 1.1 failed to grow on Todd-Hewitt medium.
Group B streptococcal opacity variants. — PubMed Central (open access), 1992
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Todd-Hewitt broth
Evidence (6)
Samples were analysed in parallel in six study arms using (i) colistin nalidixic acid (CNA) agar, (ii) chromogenic S. agalactiae selective agar, (iii) CNA agar after enrichment in thioglycolate broth, (iv) chromogenic agar after enrichment in thioglycolate broth, (v) CNA agar after enrichment in Todd-Hewitt broth and (vi) chromogenic agar after enrichment in Todd-Hewitt broth.
Streptococcus agalactiae colonization in pregnant women: which culture-based detection method is best? — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2026Each study arm had a specificity of 100%, while the sensitivity varied between 81% (CNA agar alone, study arm i) and 98% (Todd-Hewitt broth for enrichment followed by subculture on chromogenic agar, study arm vi).
Streptococcus agalactiae colonization in pregnant women: which culture-based detection method is best? — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2026Enrichment in Todd-Hewitt broth followed by subculture on chromogenic agar had the highest sensitivity (98%, specificity: 100%) for the detection of S. agalactiae in pregnant women.
Streptococcus agalactiae colonization in pregnant women: which culture-based detection method is best? — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2026Enterococcus spp. and phages were cultured in tryptic soy broth or agar (TSA), and S. agalactiae was cultured in Todd-Hewitt broth (THB), unless stated otherwise.
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018Culture of organisms in standard Todd-Hewitt broth resulted in acid accumulation during the exponential phase of growth and poor yield of type III polysaccharide when extracted from cells by washing with neutral buffer solution.
Microcapsule of type III strains of group B Streptococcus: production and morphology. — PubMed Central (open access), 1976All grew well on blood agar and on GC medium, but variant 1.1 failed to grow on Todd-Hewitt medium.
Group B streptococcal opacity variants. — PubMed Central (open access), 1992
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Lim broth
Evidence (6)
We aimed to compare BD group B Streptococcus differential agar (GBSDA) with inoculation into LIM broth and subculture onto blood agar plates (LIM-BA) as a method for GBS screening in pregnant women.
Culture-based methods for detection and identification of Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women--what are we missing? — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2008Finally, we compared GBSDA, LIM broth with direct GBS antigen detection (LIM-AG) and LIM-BA as methods for GBS screening in pregnant women.
Culture-based methods for detection and identification of Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women--what are we missing? — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2008In contrast, GBS was not detected in a mixed culture from LIM broth with initial inocula of up to 100 cfu.
Culture-based methods for detection and identification of Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women--what are we missing? — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2008Alternatively, the pigmented enrichment Lim broth (modified Lim broth; Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial, Tokyo, Japan) was used as an S. agalactiae enrichment broth.
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018We also evaluated the effectiveness of phage treatment in the experimental enrichment model using the commercially available pigmented enrichment Lim broth (modified Lim broth) ( Figure S2 ).
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018The same experiment was performed using the modified Lim broth and several S. agalactiae - E. faecalis combinations ( Figure S4 ).
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018
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Tryptic soy agar (TSA)
Evidence (6)
Isolation of the bacterium was done using different culture media (Nutrient broth, Plate count agar, Tryptic Soy Agar, and Blood agar), and identification by using various biochemical tests (conventional and using API 20 Strep kit) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers against 16S rRNA gene of S. agalactiae .
Isolation and molecular detection of Streptococcus agalactiae from popped eye disease of cultured Tilapia and Vietnamese koi fishes in Bangladesh. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2021Enterococcus spp. and phages were cultured in tryptic soy broth or agar (TSA), and S. agalactiae was cultured in Todd-Hewitt broth (THB), unless stated otherwise.
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018Analysis of Bacterial Densities in S. agalactiae and E. faecalis Coculture with Phage Mixtures A rifampicin-resistant mutant clone of S. agalactiae was isolated by aerobically culturing S. agalactiae strain KUGBS2 on TSA containing 20 μg/mL rifampicin at 37 °C for two days.
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018TSA supplemented with 20 μg/mL rifampicin and Enterococcus -selective agar (EF agar base “Nissui”; Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Tokyo, Japan) were used to determine the densities of S. agalactiae strain KUGBS2rif and E. faecalis strain KUEF08, respectively.
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018S. agalactiae strain KUGBS2rif did not grow on the Enterococcus -selective agar; E. faecalis strain KUEF08 did not grow on TSA containing 20 μg/mL rifampicin.
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018Inhibition action of Rhizophora sp. leaf extract towards Streptococcus agalactiae and Edwardsiella tarda was tested on TSA solid media.
Ekstrak Daun Rhizophora sp. Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus agalactiae dan Edwarsiella tarda (RHIZOPHORA SP. LEAF EXTRACT INHIBITS THE GROWTH OF Streptococcus agalactiae AND Edwarsiella tarda) — Crossref, 2018
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Tryptic soy broth (TSB)
Evidence (5)
Among others, simulated vaginal fluid has been used; however, biofilm production in this medium has been found to be lower than that in tryptic soy broth.
Optimization of Streptococcus agalactiae Biofilm Culture in a Continuous Flow System for Photoinactivation Studies. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2021Enterococcus spp. and phages were cultured in tryptic soy broth or agar (TSA), and S. agalactiae was cultured in Todd-Hewitt broth (THB), unless stated otherwise.
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018Time-killing kinetic curves showed that CHAP k fastly killed S. agalactiae in TSB medium and in milk within 25 min (by 3.3 log 10 CFU/mL and 2.4 log 10 CFU/mL, respectively).
Recombinant of the Staphylococcal Bacteriophage Lysin CHAP k and Its Elimination against Streptococcus agalactiae Biofilms — DOAJ, 2020Among others, simulated vaginal fluid has been used; however, biofilm production in this medium has been found to be lower than that in tryptic soy broth.
Optimization of Streptococcus agalactiae Biofilm Culture in a Continuous Flow System for Photoinactivation Studies — OpenAIRE Explore, 2021Among others, simulated vaginal fluid has been used; however, biofilm production in this medium has been found to be lower than that in tryptic soy broth.
Optimization of Streptococcus agalactiae biofilm culture in a continuous flow system for photoinactivation studies — OpenAIRE Explore, 2021
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Brain heart infusion (BHI)
Evidence (4)
The results showed that the abilities of growth and biofilm formation of Δ SaeRS strain were significantly decreased when cultured in a brain heart infusion (BHI) medium ( P < 0.01).
Characterization and virulence of Streptococcus agalactiae deficient in SaeRS of the two-component system. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2023It wasfound that after tested on 15 fish weighing 15 g through intraperitoneal injection 0,1 ml/fish, both bacteria causedchanges in swimming pattern, palatability, external and internal anatomy macroscopically and microscopically.Extracellular products of S. agalactiae non-haemolytic type (BHIA and BHI 24 h) and β-haemolytic type (BHI 72 h)caused mortality 12 hours after injection and the mortality continued till day 7 th of culture.
Toksisitas Produk Ekstrasellular (ECP) Streptococcus agalactiae pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) — OpenAIRE Explore, 2012Whirling happened 96hours after injection with ECP S. agalactiae β-haemolytic type (BHIA 72 h incubation) whereas injection with ECP(BHI 24 h) on 72 h after injection and continued untill day 7 th.
Toksisitas Produk Ekstrasellular (ECP) Streptococcus agalactiae pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) — OpenAIRE Explore, 2012The 69.6 kDa was absent from the BHI ECP.Total protein on non-haemolytic S. agalactiae ECP are 28.18 ppm on BHIA medium and 13.64 ppm on BHI medium.Whereas β-haemolytic S. agalactiae ECP are 2.73 ppm on BHIA medium and 8.18 ppm on BHI medium.
Toksisitas Produk Ekstrasellular (ECP) Streptococcus agalactiae pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) — OpenAIRE Explore, 2012
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Columbia CNA agar
Evidence (2)
Samples were analysed in parallel in six study arms using (i) colistin nalidixic acid (CNA) agar, (ii) chromogenic S. agalactiae selective agar, (iii) CNA agar after enrichment in thioglycolate broth, (iv) chromogenic agar after enrichment in thioglycolate broth, (v) CNA agar after enrichment in Todd-Hewitt broth and (vi) chromogenic agar after enrichment in Todd-Hewitt broth.
Streptococcus agalactiae colonization in pregnant women: which culture-based detection method is best? — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2026Plating onto Columbia CNA agar (CNA), group B streptococcus differential agar (GBSDA) (Granada Medium) and chromID Strepto B agar (CA), with and without Lim broth enrichment, were compared.
Comparison of different sampling techniques and of different culture methods for detection of group B streptococcus carriage in pregnant women — OpenAlex, 2010
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Granada medium
Evidence (4)
New Granada Medium for detection and identification of group B streptococci..
New Granada Medium for detection and identification of group B streptococci. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 1992Plating onto Columbia CNA agar (CNA), group B streptococcus differential agar (GBSDA) (Granada Medium) and chromID Strepto B agar (CA), with and without Lim broth enrichment, were compared.
Comparison of different sampling techniques and of different culture methods for detection of group B streptococcus carriage in pregnant women — OpenAlex, 2010Hemolytic GBS strains produce an orange-brick-red non-isoprenoid polyene (ornithine rhamnolipid) pigment (granadaene) when cultivated on granada medium that allows its straightforward identification.
Streptococcus agalactiae — Wikipedia, 2026After incubation, the enrichment broth can also be subcultured to granada medium agar where GBS grows as pink-red colonies or to chromogenic agars, where GBS grows as colored colonies.
Streptococcus agalactiae — Wikipedia, 2026
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Nutrient broth
Evidence (1)
Isolation of the bacterium was done using different culture media (Nutrient broth, Plate count agar, Tryptic Soy Agar, and Blood agar), and identification by using various biochemical tests (conventional and using API 20 Strep kit) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers against 16S rRNA gene of S. agalactiae .
Isolation and molecular detection of Streptococcus agalactiae from popped eye disease of cultured Tilapia and Vietnamese koi fishes in Bangladesh. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2021
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Thioglycollate broth
Evidence (1)
Samples were analysed in parallel in six study arms using (i) colistin nalidixic acid (CNA) agar, (ii) chromogenic S. agalactiae selective agar, (iii) CNA agar after enrichment in thioglycolate broth, (iv) chromogenic agar after enrichment in thioglycolate broth, (v) CNA agar after enrichment in Todd-Hewitt broth and (vi) chromogenic agar after enrichment in Todd-Hewitt broth.
Streptococcus agalactiae colonization in pregnant women: which culture-based detection method is best? — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2026
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Chromogenic UTI / Orientation
Evidence (1)
The samples were cultured on 5% sheep blood and Chromagar Orientation.
The first Prenatal Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Screening in Late Pregnancy in Algerian population (Northeast Algeria) — Zenodo, 2021
2 Optimum temperature for growth
low20 °C
Evidence (1)
Conclusions: In conclusion, the results suggested that the enrichment culture time was 24 hours, the transport media stable best time is 2 days stored at 20 °C~25 °C or 4 days stored at 2 °C~8 °C, and the best incubation time is 48 hours for streptococcus agalactiae clinical testing in pregnant women.
To Evaluate Impact on Detection Rate of Streptococcus Agalactiae in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy — OpenAIRE Explore, 2023
Other values reported (4)
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25 °C
Evidence (1)
Conclusions: In conclusion, the results suggested that the enrichment culture time was 24 hours, the transport media stable best time is 2 days stored at 20 °C~25 °C or 4 days stored at 2 °C~8 °C, and the best incubation time is 48 hours for streptococcus agalactiae clinical testing in pregnant women.
To Evaluate Impact on Detection Rate of Streptococcus Agalactiae in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy — OpenAIRE Explore, 2023
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2 °C
Evidence (1)
Conclusions: In conclusion, the results suggested that the enrichment culture time was 24 hours, the transport media stable best time is 2 days stored at 20 °C~25 °C or 4 days stored at 2 °C~8 °C, and the best incubation time is 48 hours for streptococcus agalactiae clinical testing in pregnant women.
To Evaluate Impact on Detection Rate of Streptococcus Agalactiae in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy — OpenAIRE Explore, 2023
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8 °C
Evidence (1)
Conclusions: In conclusion, the results suggested that the enrichment culture time was 24 hours, the transport media stable best time is 2 days stored at 20 °C~25 °C or 4 days stored at 2 °C~8 °C, and the best incubation time is 48 hours for streptococcus agalactiae clinical testing in pregnant women.
To Evaluate Impact on Detection Rate of Streptococcus Agalactiae in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy — OpenAIRE Explore, 2023
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37 °C
Evidence (1)
Analysis of Bacterial Densities in S. agalactiae and E. faecalis Coculture with Phage Mixtures A rifampicin-resistant mutant clone of S. agalactiae was isolated by aerobically culturing S. agalactiae strain KUGBS2 on TSA containing 20 μg/mL rifampicin at 37 °C for two days.
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018
Sources disagree: "20 °C" (score 3.11) versus "25 °C" (score 3.11). Both are shown; a reviewer should decide.
3 Time required to grow
high0-7 d
Evidence (6)
EOD manifests within 0 to 7 days in the newborn, with most cases apparent within 24 h of birth.
Streptococcus agalactiae — Wikipedia, 2026The mixtures were microaerobically incubated at 37 °C for 24 h.
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018In the negative control group (i.e., no phage treatment), E. faecalis densities were significantly higher than S. agalactiae at incubation for 6, 12, and 24 h ( p < 0.01) ( Figure 2 A).
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018In contrast, in the phage treatment groups at MOIs of 10 -1 and 10 -3 of each phage, the cell density of E. faecalis was significantly lower than that of S. agalactiae at incubation for 6, 12, and 24 h in the phage treatment groups ( p < 0.01) ( Figure 2 B,C).
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018After 24 h (for SmartColor 2) and 24 to 48 hours (for blood agar) of incubation at 37 °C, the plates were inspected and all microbiological colonies grown in SmartColor 2 and in blood agar were submitted to species identification using MALDI-TOF MS.
Accuracy of an AI-based automated plate reading mobile application for the identification of clinical mastitis-causing pathogens in chromogenic culture media — PubMed Central (open access), 2024Empiric antibiotics were discontinued within 24 h in 14 of 40 patients (35%) positive for viral meningitis.
Clinical utility of a cerebrospinal fluid multiplex PCR meningitis/encephalitis panel in children: a retrospective review of positive results. — Europe PMC, 2026
Other values reported (4)
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1-6 d
Evidence (6)
The isolated GBS was found highly virulent and showed 80%-90% mortality for Tilapia and V. Koi fishes in experimental infection within 1-6 days of post-infection.
Isolation and molecular detection of Streptococcus agalactiae from popped eye disease of cultured Tilapia and Vietnamese koi fishes in Bangladesh. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2021The mixtures were microaerobically incubated at 37 °C for 24 h.
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018In the negative control group (i.e., no phage treatment), E. faecalis densities were significantly higher than S. agalactiae at incubation for 6, 12, and 24 h ( p < 0.01) ( Figure 2 A).
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018In contrast, in the phage treatment groups at MOIs of 10 -1 and 10 -3 of each phage, the cell density of E. faecalis was significantly lower than that of S. agalactiae at incubation for 6, 12, and 24 h in the phage treatment groups ( p < 0.01) ( Figure 2 B,C).
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018After 24 h (for SmartColor 2) and 24 to 48 hours (for blood agar) of incubation at 37 °C, the plates were inspected and all microbiological colonies grown in SmartColor 2 and in blood agar were submitted to species identification using MALDI-TOF MS.
Accuracy of an AI-based automated plate reading mobile application for the identification of clinical mastitis-causing pathogens in chromogenic culture media — PubMed Central (open access), 2024Empiric antibiotics were discontinued within 24 h in 14 of 40 patients (35%) positive for viral meningitis.
Clinical utility of a cerebrospinal fluid multiplex PCR meningitis/encephalitis panel in children: a retrospective review of positive results. — Europe PMC, 2026
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24-48 h
Evidence (6)
It is safer to choose regimens with broad coverage, as they can usually be modified within 24-48 hours, when antibiotic sensitivities of the infecting organism become available.
[Meningitis (II)--acute bacterial meningitis]. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 1999After 24 h (for SmartColor 2) and 24 to 48 hours (for blood agar) of incubation at 37 °C, the plates were inspected and all microbiological colonies grown in SmartColor 2 and in blood agar were submitted to species identification using MALDI-TOF MS.
Accuracy of an AI-based automated plate reading mobile application for the identification of clinical mastitis-causing pathogens in chromogenic culture media — PubMed Central (open access), 2024The mixtures were microaerobically incubated at 37 °C for 24 h.
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018In the negative control group (i.e., no phage treatment), E. faecalis densities were significantly higher than S. agalactiae at incubation for 6, 12, and 24 h ( p < 0.01) ( Figure 2 A).
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018In contrast, in the phage treatment groups at MOIs of 10 -1 and 10 -3 of each phage, the cell density of E. faecalis was significantly lower than that of S. agalactiae at incubation for 6, 12, and 24 h in the phage treatment groups ( p < 0.01) ( Figure 2 B,C).
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018After 24 h (for SmartColor 2) and 24 to 48 hours (for blood agar) of incubation at 37 °C, the plates were inspected and all microbiological colonies grown in SmartColor 2 and in blood agar were submitted to species identification using MALDI-TOF MS.
Accuracy of an AI-based automated plate reading mobile application for the identification of clinical mastitis-causing pathogens in chromogenic culture media — PubMed Central (open access), 2024
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12-24 h
Evidence (6)
Hence, incubation for 12-24 h was sufficient to achieve bacterial enrichment in that particular experimental setting.
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018The mixtures were microaerobically incubated at 37 °C for 24 h.
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018In the negative control group (i.e., no phage treatment), E. faecalis densities were significantly higher than S. agalactiae at incubation for 6, 12, and 24 h ( p < 0.01) ( Figure 2 A).
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018In contrast, in the phage treatment groups at MOIs of 10 -1 and 10 -3 of each phage, the cell density of E. faecalis was significantly lower than that of S. agalactiae at incubation for 6, 12, and 24 h in the phage treatment groups ( p < 0.01) ( Figure 2 B,C).
Potential Application of Bacteriophages in Enrichment Culture for Improved Prenatal Streptococcus agalactiae Screening — PubMed Central (open access), 2018After 24 h (for SmartColor 2) and 24 to 48 hours (for blood agar) of incubation at 37 °C, the plates were inspected and all microbiological colonies grown in SmartColor 2 and in blood agar were submitted to species identification using MALDI-TOF MS.
Accuracy of an AI-based automated plate reading mobile application for the identification of clinical mastitis-causing pathogens in chromogenic culture media — PubMed Central (open access), 2024Empiric antibiotics were discontinued within 24 h in 14 of 40 patients (35%) positive for viral meningitis.
Clinical utility of a cerebrospinal fluid multiplex PCR meningitis/encephalitis panel in children: a retrospective review of positive results. — Europe PMC, 2026
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35-37 wk
Evidence (2)
We obtained 133 vaginal-rectal swabs from pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation from 8 private clinics and 2 local municipal hospitals within Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.
Enrichment culture evaluation and characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae among pregnant women in Japan. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2024The culture-based screening approach identifies candidates to receive IAP using lower vaginal and rectal cultures obtained between 36 and 37 weeks' gestation (32-34 weeks of gestation for women with twins) and IAP is administered to all GBS colonized women.
Streptococcus agalactiae — Wikipedia, 2026
Sources disagree: "0-7 d" (score 50.36) versus "1-6 d" (score 44.05). Both are shown; a reviewer should decide.
4 Colony morphology
lowIn cases where suspicious colonies with beta-hemolysis were observed, bacterial identification was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (Bruker).
Evidence (1)
In cases where suspicious colonies with beta-hemolysis were observed, bacterial identification was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (Bruker).
Prospective study of vaginal samples for the detection of <i>Gardnerella vaginalis</i> and <i>G. swidsinskii/leopoldii</i> using Gardnerella agar in CO<sub>2</sub> and anaerobic atmospheres. — Europe PMC, 2026
Other values reported (4)
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Under anaerobic conditions, colonies were larger, hemolysis was more pronounced, and overall sensitivity was higher.
Evidence (1)
Under anaerobic conditions, colonies were larger, hemolysis was more pronounced, and overall sensitivity was higher.
Prospective study of vaginal samples for the detection of <i>Gardnerella vaginalis</i> and <i>G. swidsinskii/leopoldii</i> using Gardnerella agar in CO<sub>2</sub> and anaerobic atmospheres. — Europe PMC, 2026
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Transparent colonies predominate in the parent GBS, with occasional colonies having opaque portions.
Evidence (1)
Transparent colonies predominate in the parent GBS, with occasional colonies having opaque portions.
Group B streptococcal opacity variants. — PubMed Central (open access), 1992
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Scanning and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that colony opacity correlated with bacterial aggregation status, with opaque variants forming longer and more organized chains.
Evidence (1)
Scanning and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that colony opacity correlated with bacterial aggregation status, with opaque variants forming longer and more organized chains.
Group B streptococcal opacity variants. — PubMed Central (open access), 1992
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(iii) Transparent variant colonies growing closest to a penicillin disk were opaque, but colonial variants did not differ in their sensitivity to penicillin.
Evidence (1)
(iii) Transparent variant colonies growing closest to a penicillin disk were opaque, but colonial variants did not differ in their sensitivity to penicillin.
Group B streptococcal opacity variants. — PubMed Central (open access), 1992
5 Gram character
highGram-positive (coccus)
Evidence (7)
Isolated bacteria were found Gram-positive paired and chained cocci, β-hemolytic and non-motile.
Isolation and molecular detection of Streptococcus agalactiae from popped eye disease of cultured Tilapia and Vietnamese koi fishes in Bangladesh. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2021GBS-Group B streptococcus or Streptococcus agalactiae is a Gram-positive coccus found in 20% of healthy women as part of normal gastrointestinal and genital tract flora.
IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2019Gram-positive bacteria encoding T7SSb have been shown to engage in competition through the export of LXG-motif-containing toxins, but these have not been characterized in group B Streptococcus (GBS), an opportunistic colonizer of the polymicrobial female genital tract.
A group B streptococcal type VII-secreted LXG toxin mediates interbacterial competition and colonization of the murine female genital tract. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2024GBS or streptococcus agalacticae is a gram-positive cocci, beta-hemolytic, facultative anaerobic, which is a harmless inhabitant of the normal human microflora.
BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2021Using a gram-positive expression system, we have overexpressed two of these proteins in an in vitro system.
Identification of major outer surface proteins of Streptococcus agalactiae. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2002Among the groups of pathogens that can be identified by Smartcolor2, Lactococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., yeast, Prototheca spp., other Gram-negative and other Gram-positive microorganism had a low frequency of isolation (n 0.96 for all the groups of pathogens evaluated (Table 1 ).
Accuracy of an AI-based automated plate reading mobile application for the identification of clinical mastitis-causing pathogens in chromogenic culture media — PubMed Central (open access), 2024Inferred from NCBI Taxonomy lineage: cellular organisms; Bacteria; Bacillati; Bacillota; Bacilli; Lactobacillales; Streptococcaceae; Streptococcus
NCBI Taxonomy lineage — NCBI Taxonomy, 2026
Other values reported (1)
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Gram-negative
Evidence (6)
Among the groups of pathogens that can be identified by Smartcolor2, Lactococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., yeast, Prototheca spp., other Gram-negative and other Gram-positive microorganism had a low frequency of isolation (n 0.96 for all the groups of pathogens evaluated (Table 1 ).
Accuracy of an AI-based automated plate reading mobile application for the identification of clinical mastitis-causing pathogens in chromogenic culture media — PubMed Central (open access), 2024Chromogenic culture media interpretation The Smartcolor 2 triplate, whose images were used in the study, comprises of a triplate Petri dish composed of three different selective chromogenic culture media: Section 1: Streptococcus spp.; Section 2: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus spp. and Section 3: gram-negative bacteria.
Accuracy of an AI-based automated plate reading mobile application for the identification of clinical mastitis-causing pathogens in chromogenic culture media — PubMed Central (open access), 2024Section 2-Gram-negative: (a) purple = E. coli ; (b) metallic blue = Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., or Serratia spp.; (c) yellow = Pseudomonas spp.; (d) white and dry = yeast and Prototheca spp., and (e) other colors = Gram-negative microorganism other than E. coli; Klebsiella spp.; Enterobacter spp.; Serratia spp. or Pseudomonas spp. (other Gram-negative microorganism).
Accuracy of an AI-based automated plate reading mobile application for the identification of clinical mastitis-causing pathogens in chromogenic culture media — PubMed Central (open access), 2024Of the samples, 72% (179/247) were monomicrobial and 28% (68/247) were polymicrobial, with a total of 16 off-panel microorganisms identified across both groups. blaCTX-M was the most frequent Gram-negative resistance gene detected (55.2%, 80/145), while blaVIM was the least common (0.7%, 1/145).
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Biofire FilmArray Blood Culture Identification 2 (BCID2) for Bloodstream Infections in Limpopo, South Africa. — Europe PMC, 2026In conclusion, Rhizophora sp. leaf extract had more bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus agalactiae) rather than the Gram-negative bacteria (Edwardsiella tarda).
Ekstrak Daun Rhizophora sp. Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus agalactiae dan Edwarsiella tarda (RHIZOPHORA SP. LEAF EXTRACT INHIBITS THE GROWTH OF Streptococcus agalactiae AND Edwarsiella tarda) — Crossref, 2018Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and glutathione synthetase (GS), distinct enzymes that together account for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, have been isolated and characterized from several Gram-negative prokaryotes and from numerous eukaryotes including mammals, amphibians, plants, yeast, and protozoa.
Glutathione Synthesis in Streptococcus agalactiae — OpenAlex, 2005
6 Biochemical tests for identification
high-
MALDI-TOF MS
Evidence (6)
Use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for rapid identification of group B Streptococcus on chromID Strepto B agar..
Use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for rapid identification of group B Streptococcus on chromID Strepto B agar. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2014Furthermore, MALDI-TOF MS could reliably differentiate the putative GBS isolates on STRB.
Use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for rapid identification of group B Streptococcus on chromID Strepto B agar. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2014This study demonstrated that STRB combined with MALDI-TOF MS is a fast, sensitive, and accurate method for the identification of GBS-colonized pregnant women.
Use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for rapid identification of group B Streptococcus on chromID Strepto B agar. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2014After bacterial isolation from the brain and kidney of diseased fish, identification was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the VITEK 2 system.
Characterization of Lactococcus garvieae and Streptococcus agalactiae in cultured red tilapia Oreochromis sp. in Thailand. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2024The VITEK-2 automatic identification system and MALDI-TOF MS were initially employed for identification, followed by the CAMP test.
Analysis of molecular characteristics of CAMP-negative Streptococcus agalactiae strains. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2023The availability of technologies such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), molecular techniques, and chromogenic culture media, including Granada-type media, have changed the scenario for GBS detection and identification.
Reliable Detection of Group B Streptococcus in the Clinical Laboratory. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2017
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CAMP test
Evidence (6)
Streptococcus agalactiae can produce CAMP factor, which can promote the β-hemolysin activity of Staphylococcus aureus , forming an arrow-shaped hemolysis enhancement zone at the intersection of the two bacterial species on a blood agar plate.
Analysis of molecular characteristics of CAMP-negative Streptococcus agalactiae strains. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2023This characteristic feature of Streptococcus agalactiae has led to the widespread use of the CAMP test as an identification method.
Analysis of molecular characteristics of CAMP-negative Streptococcus agalactiae strains. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2023The VITEK-2 automatic identification system and MALDI-TOF MS were initially employed for identification, followed by the CAMP test.
Analysis of molecular characteristics of CAMP-negative Streptococcus agalactiae strains. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2023This study found that 7.9% of GBS strains isolated from the vagina/rectum of pregnant women were CAMP-negative, suggesting that the CAMP test method or primers targeting the cfb gene should not be used as the sole presumptive test for GBS identification.
Analysis of molecular characteristics of CAMP-negative Streptococcus agalactiae strains. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2023The isolates were confirmed as S. agalactiae using the CAMP test on blood agar and by molecular identification with tDNA-PCR or by 16S rRNA gene sequence determination.
Comparison of different sampling techniques and of different culture methods for detection of group B streptococcus carriage in pregnant women — OpenAlex, 2010Urine was inoculated on UriSelect 4 Medium chromogenic medium with subsequent identification of S. agalactiae using a strepto-latex test or a CAMP test with a Staphylococcus aureus culture.
<i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> in asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women — OpenAIRE Explore, 2023
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Capsule / quellung
Evidence (6)
Capsular typing and genetic characterization of nonsusceptible isolates were assessed by latex agglutination, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus sequence typing.
Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Streptococcus agalactiae Invasive Isolates Recovered in Argentina. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2019Capsular Typing and Molecular Characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae Strains Isolated From Bovine Mastitis in Iran..
Capsular Typing and Molecular Characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae Strains Isolated From Bovine Mastitis in Iran. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2025Bacterial isolates (n = 116) were obtained from pregnant women and submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, investigation of macrolide resistance phenotypes and genotypes, and identification of capsular type.
Macrolide resistance among Streptococcus agalactiae during COVID-19 public health emergency in Brazil. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2024Identification and molecular characterization of a S. agalactiae strain lacking the capsular locus..
Identification and molecular characterization of a S. agalactiae strain lacking the capsular locus. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2012Further molecular characterization demonstrated that the strain lacked the entire capsular locus, possibly by a recombination event that excised a 14,1 Kbase pairs genomic fragment extending from the regulatory protein cpsX gene to the neuA gene.
Identification and molecular characterization of a S. agalactiae strain lacking the capsular locus. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2012Diminished capsular polysaccharide of variant 1.1 was reflected in reduced negative electrophoretic mobility and in increased buoyant density.
Group B streptococcal opacity variants. — PubMed Central (open access), 1992
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16S rRNA gene sequencing
Evidence (6)
Isolation of the bacterium was done using different culture media (Nutrient broth, Plate count agar, Tryptic Soy Agar, and Blood agar), and identification by using various biochemical tests (conventional and using API 20 Strep kit) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers against 16S rRNA gene of S. agalactiae .
Isolation and molecular detection of Streptococcus agalactiae from popped eye disease of cultured Tilapia and Vietnamese koi fishes in Bangladesh. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2021CAMP-negative strains underwent 16S rDNA and cfb gene sequence analysis, as well as bacterial multilocus sequence typing.
Analysis of molecular characteristics of CAMP-negative Streptococcus agalactiae strains. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2023Bacterial culture and species identification were performed based on colony morphology, biochemical identification, and PCR using 16S rRNA.
The association between the use of dry cow therapy and bacteriological cure after calving and the development of phenotypic antimicrobial resistance on Egyptian dairy farms. — Europe PMC, 202616S rRNA Bacterial Identification in Evaluation of Orthopedic Infections and its Limited Role in Antimicrobial Stewardship..
16S rRNA Bacterial Identification in Evaluation of Orthopedic Infections and its Limited Role in Antimicrobial Stewardship. — Europe PMC, 2026Bacterial isolates from moribund fish in Samut Sakhon province were identified via MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA sequencing, followed by whole-genome sequencing (Illumina HiSeq) and comparative pan-genomic analysis.
Genomic characterization of streptococcus agalactiae and streptococcus suis isolated from diseased snakeskin gourami (trichopodus pectoralis) — CrossrefThe isolates were confirmed as S. agalactiae using the CAMP test on blood agar and by molecular identification with tDNA-PCR or by 16S rRNA gene sequence determination.
Comparison of different sampling techniques and of different culture methods for detection of group B streptococcus carriage in pregnant women — OpenAlex, 2010
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Haemolysis pattern — reported negative
Evidence (6)
Pigment was not produced in eight non-hemolytic and two hemolytic strains.
Culture-based methods for detection and identification of Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women--what are we missing? — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2008Isolated bacteria were found Gram-positive paired and chained cocci, β-hemolytic and non-motile.
Isolation and molecular detection of Streptococcus agalactiae from popped eye disease of cultured Tilapia and Vietnamese koi fishes in Bangladesh. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2021Streptococcus agalactiae can produce CAMP factor, which can promote the β-hemolysin activity of Staphylococcus aureus , forming an arrow-shaped hemolysis enhancement zone at the intersection of the two bacterial species on a blood agar plate.
Analysis of molecular characteristics of CAMP-negative Streptococcus agalactiae strains. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2023GBS or streptococcus agalacticae is a gram-positive cocci, beta-hemolytic, facultative anaerobic, which is a harmless inhabitant of the normal human microflora.
BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2021Recently, it has been suggested that the haemolytic and cytolytic activity of GBS is due to the ornithine rhamnopolyenic pigment and not to the CylE protein.
Group B streptococcal haemolysin and pigment, a tale of twins. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2014In cases where suspicious colonies with beta-hemolysis were observed, bacterial identification was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (Bruker).
Prospective study of vaginal samples for the detection of <i>Gardnerella vaginalis</i> and <i>G. swidsinskii/leopoldii</i> using Gardnerella agar in CO<sub>2</sub> and anaerobic atmospheres. — Europe PMC, 2026
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Pigment production
Evidence (6)
Second, we tested the production of carotenoid pigment in 155 GBS blood culture isolates.
Culture-based methods for detection and identification of Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women--what are we missing? — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2008Orange pigment was produced in 146/155 GBS blood culture isolates.
Culture-based methods for detection and identification of Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women--what are we missing? — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2008Pigment was not produced in eight non-hemolytic and two hemolytic strains.
Culture-based methods for detection and identification of Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women--what are we missing? — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2008Most clinical isolates express simultaneously a β-haemolysin/cytolysin and a red polyenic pigment, two phenotypic traits important for GBS identification in medical microbiology.
Group B streptococcal haemolysin and pigment, a tale of twins. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2014The cyl operon involved in haemolysin and pigment production is regulated by the major two-component system CovS/R, which coordinates the expression of multiple virulence factors of GBS.
Group B streptococcal haemolysin and pigment, a tale of twins. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2014Recently, it has been suggested that the haemolytic and cytolytic activity of GBS is due to the ornithine rhamnopolyenic pigment and not to the CylE protein.
Group B streptococcal haemolysin and pigment, a tale of twins. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2014
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Antibiotic susceptibility profile
Evidence (5)
Nineteen isolates were identified through a review of preservation and cultivation processes since January 2022, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing.
Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of group B streptococcal isolates from neonates in a tertiary hospital in Qingyang, Gansu Province, China. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2025Based on MIC data, 65 (0.31%) isolates susceptible to erythromycin (MIC ≤0.25 mg/L) and non-susceptible to clindamycin (MIC ≥0.5 mg/L) were identified among 21 186 GBS isolates.
Cross-resistance to lincosamides, streptogramins A and pleuromutilins in Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from the USA. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2017IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE..
IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2019Bacterial isolates (n = 116) were obtained from pregnant women and submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, investigation of macrolide resistance phenotypes and genotypes, and identification of capsular type.
Macrolide resistance among Streptococcus agalactiae during COVID-19 public health emergency in Brazil. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2024In total, 360 moribund or recently dead fish at various production stages (larvae/fry, pre grow-out and grow out) were examined, and 25 S. agalactiae isolates were serotyped, subjected to real time PCR analysis multilocus sequence typing (MLST), virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene profiling and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
<em>Streptococcus agalactiae</em> Serotype Ia ST7 CC1 in Farmed Nile Tilapia in Latin America: Age-Dependent Disease and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of an Emerging Clonal Lineage — bioRxiv / medRxiv (via Europe PMC), 2026
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VITEK 2
Evidence (5)
After bacterial isolation from the brain and kidney of diseased fish, identification was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the VITEK 2 system.
Characterization of Lactococcus garvieae and Streptococcus agalactiae in cultured red tilapia Oreochromis sp. in Thailand. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2024The VITEK-2 automatic identification system and MALDI-TOF MS were initially employed for identification, followed by the CAMP test.
Analysis of molecular characteristics of CAMP-negative Streptococcus agalactiae strains. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2023Our study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the BCID2 assay, comparing its effectiveness to the VITEK2 at a routine lab in Limpopo, South Africa, where alternative assays are necessary to overcome resource unavailability in areas located further away from major laboratories.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Biofire FilmArray Blood Culture Identification 2 (BCID2) for Bloodstream Infections in Limpopo, South Africa. — Europe PMC, 2026A total of 247 positive blood culture bottles were tested using both BCID2 and VITEK2 systems.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Biofire FilmArray Blood Culture Identification 2 (BCID2) for Bloodstream Infections in Limpopo, South Africa. — Europe PMC, 2026Identification was based on standard microbiological methods, CAMP test, and VITEK2 system.
Prevalence, Serotype Distribution, and Antimicrobial Resistance of <em>Streptococcus agalactiae</em> Among Pregnant Women in Greece: A Retrospective Study — bioRxiv / medRxiv (via Europe PMC), 2026
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DNase — reported negative
Evidence (2)
The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the effects of three environmental factors (H + , glucose and human plasma) in biofilm formation, by carrier and invasive Streptococcus agalactiae strains of ST17 and ST19 sequence types, including DNase producers and non-producers.
Biofilm formation by ST17 and ST19 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2020The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the effects of three environmental factors (H + , glucose and human plasma) in biofilm formation, by carrier and invasive Streptococcus agalactiae strains of ST17 and ST19 sequence types, including DNase producers and non-producers.
Biofilm formation by ST17 and ST19 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2020
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Whole-genome sequencing / ANI
Evidence (2)
Technologies, such as whole genome sequencing, genome-wide transcription and proteome mapping facilitate large scale identification of genes and proteins.
Acid Stress Response Mechanisms of Group B Streptococci. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2017Bacterial isolates from moribund fish in Samut Sakhon province were identified via MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA sequencing, followed by whole-genome sequencing (Illumina HiSeq) and comparative pan-genomic analysis.
Genomic characterization of streptococcus agalactiae and streptococcus suis isolated from diseased snakeskin gourami (trichopodus pectoralis) — Crossref
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Aerotolerance test — reported positive
Evidence (2)
GBS or streptococcus agalacticae is a gram-positive cocci, beta-hemolytic, facultative anaerobic, which is a harmless inhabitant of the normal human microflora.
BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2021It is a beta-hemolytic, catalase-negative, and facultative anaerobe.
Streptococcus agalactiae — Wikipedia, 2026
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Coagulase — reported negative
Evidence (1)
Scant information exists on Ocimum tenuiflorum L. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of O. tenuiflorum extract and its interaction with antibacterial drugs against common mastitis pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus , coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS), Streptococcus agalactiae , and Escherichia coli .
Synergistic Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ocimum tenuiflorum Ethanolic Extract against Major Bacterial Mastitis Pathogens — DOAJ, 2022
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Motility — reported negative
Evidence (1)
Isolated bacteria were found Gram-positive paired and chained cocci, β-hemolytic and non-motile.
Isolation and molecular detection of Streptococcus agalactiae from popped eye disease of cultured Tilapia and Vietnamese koi fishes in Bangladesh. — PubMed (NCBI E-utilities), 2021
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Starch hydrolysis
Evidence (1)
Dietary EA and/or BC improved growth and feed utilization, increased intestinal amylase, lipase, and protease activities, and favorably altered whole-body composition, with the greatest overall responses generally recorded in the EA + BC group (P < 0.05).
Combined effects of dietary ellagic acid and Bacillus coagulans on growth performance, antioxidant and immune responses, intestinal health, and resistance to Streptococcus agalactiae in striped catfish. — Europe PMC, 2026
7 References used
72 sourcesCatalogues to check by hand
These have no open interface, or their terms forbid automated querying. The app prepares the query; you open it.
Scan log — what each database returned
| Database | Status | Records | Evidence | Time | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCBI Taxonomy — lineage and accepted name | empty | 0 | 0 | 3 ms | TaxID 1311 (species). |
| LPSN — nomenclatural status | skipped | 0 | 0 | 0 ms | Skipped — LPSN credentials not configured (free registration). |
| StrainInfo — strain cross-references | empty | 0 | 0 | 1244 ms | No response (endpoint may require a different path). |
| GBIF — name resolution | empty | 0 | 0 | 1 ms | Matched as Streptococcus agalactiae Lehmann & Neumann, 1896 (ACCEPTED). |
| Wikidata — identifier bridge | empty | 0 | 0 | 1 ms | Item Q132949 matched. |
| DSMZ MediaDive — curated growth media | empty | 0 | 0 | 1 ms | No media entries matched this name in MediaDive. |
| BacDive — curated strain phenotypes | skipped | 0 | 0 | 0 ms | Skipped — BacDive credentials not configured. This is the single highest-value source; registration is free. |
| PubMed — culture and cultivation query | hit | 25 | 35 | 29 ms | 25 abstracts retrieved (culture query). |
| PubMed — morphology and identification query | hit | 25 | 34 | 18 ms | 25 abstracts retrieved (pheno query). |
| PubMed Central — open-access Methods sections | hit | 5 | 36 | 23 ms | 5 open-access full texts mined. |
| Europe PMC — abstract search | hit | 25 | 24 | 1828 ms | 25 records from Europe PMC. |
| Europe PMC — full-text mining | empty | 0 | 0 | 3349 ms | 0 full texts mined for Methods detail. |
| Crossref — DOI metadata | hit | 25 | 6 | 7 ms | 25 DOI records (abstracts only where deposited). |
| OpenAlex — open scholarly graph | hit | 25 | 25 | 27 ms | 25 works (inverted abstracts reconstructed locally). |
| Semantic Scholar — abstracts | empty | 0 | 0 | 1157 ms | Rate-limited or unavailable (keyless access is throttled). |
| DOAJ — open-access journals | hit | 20 | 9 | 11 ms | 20 open-access articles. |
| OpenAIRE — repository publications | hit | 20 | 40 | 22 ms | 20 repository publications. |
| SciELO — regional journals | empty | 0 | 0 | 1065 ms | No parseable SciELO response (their JSON output is unstable; a deep link is still provided). |
| NCBI Bookshelf — reference texts | hit | 8 | 0 | 2 ms | 8 reference-text chapters listed. |
| CORE — aggregated repositories | skipped | 0 | 0 | 0 ms | Skipped — no API key configured. |
| Springer Nature — publisher metadata | skipped | 0 | 0 | 0 ms | Skipped — no API key configured. |
| ScienceDirect — publisher metadata | skipped | 0 | 0 | 0 ms | Skipped — no API key configured. |
| bioRxiv / medRxiv — preprints | hit | 12 | 9 | 1402 ms | 12 preprints (not peer reviewed — weighted down). |
| Zenodo — datasets and protocols | hit | 15 | 1 | 9 ms | 15 deposits (datasets, theses, protocols). |
| Wikipedia — orientation only | hit | 1 | 30 | 9 ms | Article retrieved (lowest weight). |
| ATCC — deep link | empty | 0 | 0 | 0 ms | Deep link prepared — open manually. |
| NCTC / UKHSA — deep link | empty | 0 | 0 | 0 ms | Deep link prepared — open manually. |
| Google Scholar — deep link (not crawled) | empty | 0 | 0 | 0 ms | Deep link prepared — open manually. |
| protocols.io — deep link | empty | 0 | 0 | 0 ms | Deep link prepared — open manually. |
| ResearchGate — deep link | empty | 0 | 0 | 0 ms | Deep link prepared — open manually. |